Narrow your search
Listing 1 - 4 of 4
Sort by

Dissertation
Continuous-flow strategies towards bio-based glycerol carbonate
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2017 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

This work aims at developing new routes for the production of glycerol carbonate from bio-based glycerol using dimethylcarbonate or urea derivatives as green acyl-donors. The valorization of glycerol into glycerol carbonate offers large opportunities to many application fields. Both micro-wave and continuous flow strategies were investigated using additives such as catalysts to improve glycerol carbonate synthesis. A convenient LC-MS analytic method was set up to determine glycerol carbonate yield for dimethylcarbonate route. Regarding to dimethylcarbonate as acyl donor, experiments using Bu4NBr, K2CO3, and ILs as catalysts candidates were optimized in microwave reactors conducting the reaction at several time reactions, temperature and mol\% catalyst. Only 1 mol\% of Bu4NBr affords glycerol carbonate in quantitative yields after 2 min at 170 °C. Regarding to urea derivatives as acyl donor, catalysis screening was set up for urea and dimethylurea. Promising results were obtained using Cu2O as catalyst for urea reaction, whereas pressure issues were encountered in micro-wave reactors. Cyclocarbonation of glycerol by urea was implemented in micro-fluidic reactors using either ethanol or formic acid as co-solvent and a packed-bed reactor made of dispersion of Cu2O in glass beads. Using EtOH, two main impurities (named X1 and X2) were unfortunately detected in the medium, but promising results were obtained for 10 min residence time at 180 °C under 34 bar. Using HCOOH, glycerol conversion was totally completed but GC formation was negligible. Instead of the formation of GC, a significant amount of X1 was observed. We noticed that the two main impurities encountered in flow were not observed in microwave experiments. In order to prevent any leaching issues in flow experiments, a convenient method was finally tested to prepare Cu2O on glass beads.


Book
Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to make better use of natural resources. Hence, the utilization of biomass has led to so-called biorefinery, consisting of the fractionation or separation of the different components of the lignocellulosic materials in order to achieve a total utilization of the same, and not only of the cellulosic fraction for paper production. The use of plant biomass as a basic raw material implies a shift from an economy based on the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels, with limited reserves or with regeneration cycles far below the rates of exploitation, to a bioeconomy based on the use of renewable organic natural resources, with balanced regeneration and extraction cycles. To make this change, profound readjustments in existing technologies are necessary, as well as the application of new approaches in research, development, and production."Biorefinery" is the term used to describe the technology for the fractionation of plant biomass into energy, chemicals, and consumer goods. The future generation of biorefinery will include treatments, leading to high-value-added compounds. The use of green chemistry technologies and principles in biorefineries, such as solvent and reagent recovery and the minimization of effluent and gas emissions, is essential to define an economically and environmentally sustainable process.In particular, the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials to produce biofuels, chemicals and materials is presented as a solid alternative to the current petrochemical platform and a possible solution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- lignocellulosic biomass --- solid-state fermentation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- aerated bioreactor --- Aspergillus oryzae --- lignin --- lignocellulose --- aromatics --- biobased --- epoxy --- fatty acid --- biopolymers --- biobased materials --- biorenewable --- bio-based filament --- 3D printing --- sugarcane bagasse pulp --- barley straw --- composite --- flexural strength --- biobased polyethylene --- nanocellulose --- β-cyclodextrin --- cryogels --- films --- biomaterials --- cellulose --- dialdehyde cellulose --- organosilane chemistry --- 29Si NMR --- solid state NMR --- silanization --- lignocellulose valorization --- ‘lignin-first’ --- reductive catalytic fractionation --- lignocellulose nanofibers --- horticultural residues --- paperboard --- recycling --- biosurfactants --- enzymatic saccharification --- fermentation --- quinoa saponins --- steam-pretreated spruce --- lignocellulosic material --- xylose --- furfural --- iron chloride --- microwave reactor --- biorefinery --- electrosynthesis --- biomass --- carbohydrate --- saccharides --- electro-oxidation --- electroreduction --- residue --- agro-industry --- high-value products --- banana --- torrefaction --- Jerusalem artichoke --- biofuel --- energy crops --- agiculture --- micro-fibrillated cellulose --- formaldehyde adhesives --- wood-based panels --- kraft lignin --- adsorbent material --- copper adsorption --- H2S adsorption --- H2S removal --- n/a --- 'lignin-first'


Book
Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to make better use of natural resources. Hence, the utilization of biomass has led to so-called biorefinery, consisting of the fractionation or separation of the different components of the lignocellulosic materials in order to achieve a total utilization of the same, and not only of the cellulosic fraction for paper production. The use of plant biomass as a basic raw material implies a shift from an economy based on the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels, with limited reserves or with regeneration cycles far below the rates of exploitation, to a bioeconomy based on the use of renewable organic natural resources, with balanced regeneration and extraction cycles. To make this change, profound readjustments in existing technologies are necessary, as well as the application of new approaches in research, development, and production."Biorefinery" is the term used to describe the technology for the fractionation of plant biomass into energy, chemicals, and consumer goods. The future generation of biorefinery will include treatments, leading to high-value-added compounds. The use of green chemistry technologies and principles in biorefineries, such as solvent and reagent recovery and the minimization of effluent and gas emissions, is essential to define an economically and environmentally sustainable process.In particular, the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials to produce biofuels, chemicals and materials is presented as a solid alternative to the current petrochemical platform and a possible solution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases.


Book
Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to make better use of natural resources. Hence, the utilization of biomass has led to so-called biorefinery, consisting of the fractionation or separation of the different components of the lignocellulosic materials in order to achieve a total utilization of the same, and not only of the cellulosic fraction for paper production. The use of plant biomass as a basic raw material implies a shift from an economy based on the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels, with limited reserves or with regeneration cycles far below the rates of exploitation, to a bioeconomy based on the use of renewable organic natural resources, with balanced regeneration and extraction cycles. To make this change, profound readjustments in existing technologies are necessary, as well as the application of new approaches in research, development, and production."Biorefinery" is the term used to describe the technology for the fractionation of plant biomass into energy, chemicals, and consumer goods. The future generation of biorefinery will include treatments, leading to high-value-added compounds. The use of green chemistry technologies and principles in biorefineries, such as solvent and reagent recovery and the minimization of effluent and gas emissions, is essential to define an economically and environmentally sustainable process.In particular, the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials to produce biofuels, chemicals and materials is presented as a solid alternative to the current petrochemical platform and a possible solution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases.

Listing 1 - 4 of 4
Sort by