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Metabolomics. --- Metabonomics --- Metabolomic --- Metabonomic --- Nutrigenomics --- Metabolome

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Les activités agricoles sont à l’origine de la contamination par des milliers de composants tels que les fongicides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques, pouvant affecter les organismes exposés tels que les biofilms microbiens périphytiques, qui jouent un rôle clé dans les services écosystémiques. Bien que des études ont montré des effets divers des fongicides sur la structure et le fonctionnement des biofilms périphytiques, et leurs composantes, les connaissances sur le lien entre la réponse moléculaire/biochimique précoce et fonctionnelle à plus long terme sont encore pauvres. Il existe un besoin fort de découverte de biomarqueurs permettant une détection plus précoce et sensible des altérations des fonctions écosystémiques. La métabolomique non ciblée est une approche permettant de répondre à cette problématique en permettant de rendre compte des activités biochimiques et du phénotype (i.e. phénotype moléculaire via l’identification de métabolites et voies associées) d’une communauté, comme résultat des interactions avec l’environnement. Dans ce contexte, cette étude a pour but de mettre en évidence le lien entre la réponse courte au niveau moléculaire (métabolomique) et à long terme au niveau fonctionnel et structurel (photosynthèse, activités microbiennes, compositions algales, biomasse) de biofilms périphytiques exposés à deux fongicides modèles : le cuivre (Cu, biologique), et le tébuconazole (TBZ, synthétique). En ce sens, des expositions à court terme (4h) à une série de dilutions de Cu et TBZ ont été réalisées en premier, en conditions contrôlées. Durant ces expositions, des analyses du rendement photosynthétique (Phyto-PAM) et métabolomique ont été réalisées. Les résultats ont mis en évidence des effets du Cu sur le rendement photosynthétique et le métabolome, tandis que seulement le métabolome a répondu pour le TBZ. Ces expositions ont permis de sélectionner deux concentrations (5 et 100 µg/L) afin de réaliser une exposition de 26 jours en canaux (T°C 18°C, L/j 12 :12), dans le but de déterminer le lien entre les effets à différents niveaux tout au long de l’exposition pour le TBZ. En plus de l’utilisation du rendement photosynthétique et de la métabolomique non ciblée, des descripteurs structurels (biomasse, composition en chlorophylle) et fonctionnels (activités enzymatiques extracellulaires, activités laccase et respiration) ont été analysés à plusieurs temps durant l’exposition. Les résultats ont mis en évidence une augmentation de la biomasse et des différents groupes algaux avec l’exposition à 100 µg/L, des effets sur les activités enzymatiques (stimulation du cycle des carbones, inhibition partiel des cycles et de l’azote et du phosphore, légère stimulation de la laccase), tandis que la respiration et le rendement photosynthétique ne diffèrent pas selon les conditions. La métabolomique non-ciblée a permis de mettre en évidence de nombreuses altérations des voies métaboliques évoluant au cours de l’exposition. Agricultural activity leads to the release of thousands of compounds such as fungicides to aquatic ecosystems that might be harmful for exposed organisms such as periphytic microbial communities that play key role in ecosystem functions. Although previous studies have shown adverse effect of fungicides on the structure and functions of periphytic biofilms or their component, there is still a paucity of knowledge on short term molecular/biochemical mechanisms involved in such long-term impairment on ecosystem function(s). This is strongly needed to support the discovery of biomarkers allowing the early and sensitive detection of the alteration of ecosystem function. To tackle this challenge, untargeted meta-metabolomics is an approach of choice since it provides a comprehensive picture of the biochemical activity and the phenotype (i.e. molecular phenotype through the identification of metabolites and their pathways) of a community, as a result of interactions with the environment. In this context, the present study aims to highlight the link between short-term response at the molecular level (metabolomics) and long-term response at the functional and structural level (photosynthesis, microbial activity, algae content, biomass) of periphytic biofilms to the model fungicides copper (Cu, as natural fungicide) and tebuconazole (TBZ, as synthetic fungicide). To this end, short-term exposure (4h) to serial dilution of Cu and TBZ were first performed under controlled conditions (T°C 18°C, L/d 12:12). Following these exposures, the photosynthetic yield using Phyto-PAM (as function) and metabolomics analysis were implemented. The results showed effect of copper on both photosynthetic activity and metabolic pattern whereas only metabolomics responded to tebuconazole. According to this first experiment, two concentrations (5 and 100 µg/L) have been selected to further implement 26 days exposure in channels (T°C 18°C, L/d 12:12) to determine the kinetic of responses and their synchronism for TBZ. Besides the utilization of photosynthetic efficiency and untargeted metabolomic, we performed structural (biomass, chlorophyl content) and other functional (extracellular enzymatic activities, laccase activity, respiration) at several times during the exposition. The results showed and increasing quantity of biofilm and different algae groups with the exposition at 100 µg/L, an effect on enzymatic activities (stimulation of carbon cycle, partial inhibition of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, small stimulation of laccase activity), whereas respiration and photosynthetic efficiency do not provide differences between conditions. Untargeted metabolomic allow to highlight several metabolic pathways which respond following an evolution along the exposition.

biofilm, metabolomic, photosynthesis, copper, tebuconazole --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences aquatiques & océanologie

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Genomics --- Genomics. --- Metabolomics. --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Metabonomics --- Metabolomic --- Metabonomic --- Research --- Molecular genetics --- Nutrigenomics --- Metabolome --- Human Genome Project --- Genome --- Comparative Genomics --- Comparative Genomic --- Genomic, Comparative --- Genomics, Comparative

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This book provides a comprehensive guide to scientists, engineers, and students that employ metabolomics in their work, with an emphasis on the understanding and interpretation of the data. Chapters guide readers through common tools for data processing, using database resources, major techniques in data analysis, and integration with other data types and specific scientific domains. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, practical guidance of methods and techniques, useful web supplements, and connect the steps from experimental metabolomics to scientific discoveries. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computational Methods and Data Analysis for Metabolomics to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Metabolomics. --- Data Analysis. --- Metabolites --- Bioinformatics --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Secondary metabolites --- Biomolecules --- Biological products --- Chemical ecology --- Analyses, Data --- Analysis, Data --- Data Analyses --- Metabonomics --- Metabolomic --- Metabonomic --- Nutrigenomics --- Metabolome --- Data processing --- Bioinformatics. --- Computational and Systems Biology.

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The metabolomics approach, defined as the study of all endogenously-produced low-molecular-weight compounds, appeared as a promising strategy to define new cancer biomarkers. Information obtained from metabolomic data can help to highlight disrupted cellular pathways and, consequently, contribute to the development of new-targeted therapies and the optimization of therapeutics. Therefore, metabolomic research may be more clinically translatable than other omics approaches, since metabolites are closely related to the phenotype and the metabolome is sensitive to many factors. Metabolomics seems promising to identify key metabolic pathways characterizing features of pathological and physiological states. Thus, knowing that tumor metabolism markedly differs from the metabolism of normal cells, the use of metabolomics is ideally suited for biomarker research. Some works have already focused on the application of metabolomic approaches to different cancers, namely lung, breast and liver, using urine, exhaled breath and blood. In this Special Issue we contribute to a more complete understanding of cancer disease using metabolomics approaches.

cell transporters --- pharmacodynamics --- cell growth --- in vitro study --- metabolomic signatures --- endometabolome --- lung cancer --- metabolomics --- chemometric methods --- bladder cancer --- mTOR --- metabolite profiling --- metabolic pathways --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- glutamate --- senescence MCF7 --- breath analysis --- bio actives --- biomarker --- gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) --- GC-MS --- lung --- omics --- nutraceuticals --- glutaminase --- metabolism --- acylcarnitines --- Erwinaze --- Kidrolase --- glutathione --- targeted metabolomics --- apoptosis --- SLC1A5 --- essential amino acids --- cancer progression --- ASCT2 --- HR MAS --- alanine --- analytical platforms --- volatile organic compound --- glutaminolysis --- isotope tracing analysis --- asparaginase --- vitamin E --- breast cancer --- prognosis --- early diagnosis --- tocotrienols --- NMR --- prostate cancer --- in vitro --- cancer --- MDA-MB-231