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Oral, periodontal diseases, chewing disorders, and many destructive inflammatory diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth are caused by an imbalance between the host defense and environmental factors like bacteria, smoking, and poor nutrition. For these reasons, the focus should not only be on plaque control and removal of bacteria but also on improving host resistance through smoking abstention, stress reduction, and a healthy diet. The importance of micronutrients has been extensively reviewed, and it was concluded that prevention and treatment of periodontitis daily nutrition should include sufficient antioxidants, probiotics, natural agents, vitamin D, and calcium. Regarding antioxidants, vitamin C has attracted the attention of periodontal researchers. To date, there is limited available research investigating the effect of diet supplementation on the oral and periodontal condition.

periodontitis --- Pelargonium sidoides DC root extract --- proanthocyanidins --- bacteriotoxicity --- inflammatory cytokines --- gene expression --- fibroblasts --- macrophages --- leukocytes --- vitamin C --- retinol --- α-carotene --- β-carotene --- β-cryptoxanthin --- γ-tocopherol --- lutein --- zeaxanthin --- lycopene --- ischemic heart disease --- C-reactive protein --- cardiovascular disease --- clinical trial --- dietary supplements --- dental implants --- osseointegration --- vitamin D --- magnesium --- resveratrol --- ascorbic acid --- zinc --- calcium --- bone --- diabetes mellitus --- periodontal disease --- natural agents --- gingivitis --- antioxidants --- vitamins --- oolong tea --- phenolic profile --- salivary microbiota --- 16S rRNA sequencing --- bacterial diversities --- correlation network --- oral diseases --- diet --- nutrients --- nutraceutics --- therapy --- host response

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Vegetables are an important part of the human diet due to their nutrient density and, at the same time, low calorie content. Producers of vegetable crops mainly aim at achieving high yields with good external quality. However, there is an increasing demand of consumers for vegetables that provide good sensory properties and are rich in secondary compounds that can be valuable for human health. Sub- or supra-optimal abiotic conditions, like high temperatures, drought, excess light, salinity or nutrient deficiency, may alter the composition of vegetable crops and at the same time, result in yield loss. Thus, producers need to adapt their horticultural practices such as through the choice of variety, irrigation regime, light management, fruit thinning, or fertilizer application to improve the yield and quality of the vegetable product. In the future, altered climate conditions such as elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, rising temperatures, or altered precipitation patterns may become additional challenges for producers of vegetable crops, especially those that cultivate in the open field. This raises the need for optimized horticultural practices in order to minimize abiotic stresses. As well, specific storage conditions can have large impacts on the quality of vegetables. This Special Issue compiles research that deals with the optimization of vegetable product quality (e.g. sensory aspects, composition) under sub- or supra-optimal abiotic conditions.

Research & information: general --- ascorbic acid --- biostimulants --- Allium cepa --- Phulkara --- Nasarpuri --- Lambada and Red Bone --- gibberex --- Momordica charantia L --- dismutase --- peroxidase --- catalase --- vegetative growth --- flesh firmness --- flowering --- harvest time --- lycopene --- rootstock-scion combination --- total soluble solids --- elevated CO₂ --- modified atmosphere package --- sensory and physiological-biochemical characteristics --- total phenol --- DPPH --- heirloom beans --- drought --- abiotic stress --- local farming --- nutraceutical properties --- zinc --- Solanum lycopersicum --- drought potassium --- vacuolar transporter --- tomato --- product quality --- nitrogen --- shelf life --- carotenoids --- antioxidants --- taste --- minerals --- fatty acids --- oxalate --- nitrate --- phytochemicals --- ammonium --- climate change --- food quality --- photosynthesis --- nitrogen source --- vegetable --- Ocimum basilicum --- salt --- NaCl --- yield --- quality --- polyphenols --- grafting --- water-use efficiency --- nutrient use efficiency --- vegetable production --- n/a

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Vegetables are an important part of the human diet due to their nutrient density and, at the same time, low calorie content. Producers of vegetable crops mainly aim at achieving high yields with good external quality. However, there is an increasing demand of consumers for vegetables that provide good sensory properties and are rich in secondary compounds that can be valuable for human health. Sub- or supra-optimal abiotic conditions, like high temperatures, drought, excess light, salinity or nutrient deficiency, may alter the composition of vegetable crops and at the same time, result in yield loss. Thus, producers need to adapt their horticultural practices such as through the choice of variety, irrigation regime, light management, fruit thinning, or fertilizer application to improve the yield and quality of the vegetable product. In the future, altered climate conditions such as elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, rising temperatures, or altered precipitation patterns may become additional challenges for producers of vegetable crops, especially those that cultivate in the open field. This raises the need for optimized horticultural practices in order to minimize abiotic stresses. As well, specific storage conditions can have large impacts on the quality of vegetables. This Special Issue compiles research that deals with the optimization of vegetable product quality (e.g. sensory aspects, composition) under sub- or supra-optimal abiotic conditions.

Research & information: general --- ascorbic acid --- biostimulants --- Allium cepa --- Phulkara --- Nasarpuri --- Lambada and Red Bone --- gibberex --- Momordica charantia L --- dismutase --- peroxidase --- catalase --- vegetative growth --- flesh firmness --- flowering --- harvest time --- lycopene --- rootstock-scion combination --- total soluble solids --- elevated CO₂ --- modified atmosphere package --- sensory and physiological-biochemical characteristics --- total phenol --- DPPH --- heirloom beans --- drought --- abiotic stress --- local farming --- nutraceutical properties --- zinc --- Solanum lycopersicum --- drought potassium --- vacuolar transporter --- tomato --- product quality --- nitrogen --- shelf life --- carotenoids --- antioxidants --- taste --- minerals --- fatty acids --- oxalate --- nitrate --- phytochemicals --- ammonium --- climate change --- food quality --- photosynthesis --- nitrogen source --- vegetable --- Ocimum basilicum --- salt --- NaCl --- yield --- quality --- polyphenols --- grafting --- water-use efficiency --- nutrient use efficiency --- vegetable production

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Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments, consisting of more than 750 compounds. They are mostly yellow, orange, or red in color, due to the system of conjugated double bonds. This structural element is also responsible for the good antioxidant properties of many carotenoids. Carotenoids have shown numerous biological activities (not only as provitamin A), e.g., preventive properties of fruits and vegetables. As lipophilic compounds, their uptake and storage in the body are dependent on various conditions. In vitro and in vivo data showed stimulating and inhibitory effects of matrix compounds on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids.

singlet-triplet annihilation --- silicon carotenoids --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- spent coffee grounds --- astaxanthin --- antioxidant antagonism --- carotenoid and chlorophyll derivatives --- fluorocarotenoids --- RNS --- feed processing --- ?-carotene --- iodocarotenoids --- hydrophilic --- selenium carotenoids --- free radical kinetics --- mechanisms --- stability --- free radicals --- antioxidant --- soil amendment --- pressurized fluid extraction --- extraction --- metal ions --- lutein --- lettuce --- lycopene --- antioxidant synergism --- iron carotenoids --- ROS --- solubility --- flavonoids --- bromocarotenoids --- sulfur carotenoids --- marine carotenoids --- cationic lipid --- carotenoids --- antioxidants --- nelfinavir --- fruit --- SK-Hep-1 --- carotenoid --- storage --- vegetables --- ethanol --- exon skipping --- inflammation --- xanthophylls --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy --- pharmacokinetics --- carrots --- chlorocarotenoids --- chelating compound --- cardiovascular disease --- ageing --- accelerated solvent extraction --- nitrogen carotenoids --- VEGF --- chlorophyll --- liquid chromatography --- antiradical --- PEG conjugates --- injection solvent --- cycloaddition --- HIV --- esterification --- antisense oligonucleotide --- B16F10 --- interaction --- cancer chemoprevention --- antireductant --- PC-3 --- oxidative stress

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Vegetable growers around the world only collect, on average, half of the yield they would obtain under optimal conditions, known as yield potential. It is estimated that 60–70% of the yield gap is attributable to abiotic factors such as salinity, drought, suboptimal temperatures, nutritional deficiencies, flooding, waterlogging, heavy metals contamination, adverse soil pH and organic pollutants, while the remaining 30–40% is due to biotic factors, especially soilborne pathogens, foliar pathogens, arthropods and weeds. Under climate change forecasts, the pressure of biotic/abiotic stressors on yield is expected to rise and challenge further global food security. To meet global demand, several solutions have been proposed, focusing on the breeding of varieties with greater yield potential, but this one-size-fits-all solution leads to limited benefits. In order to overcome the current situation, grafting of elite scion varieties onto vigorous rootstock varieties has been suggested as one of the most promising drives towards further yield stability. Specifically, the implementation of suitable rootstock × scion × environment combinations in Solanaceous (tomato, eggplant, pepper) and Cucurbitaceous (melon, watermelon, melon) high-value crops represents an untapped opportunity to secure yield stability and reliability under biotic/abiotic stresses. This Special Issue invites Original Research, Technology Reports, Methods, Opinions, Perspectives, Invited Reviews and Mini Reviews dissecting grafting as a sustainable agro technology for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses and reducing disease damage. In addition, the following are of interest: potential contributions dealing with genetic resources for rootstock breeding, practices and technologies of rootstock breeding, and rootstock–scion signaling, as well as the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying graft compatibility. In addition, the effect of grafting on vegetable quality, practical applications and nursery management of grafted seedlings and specialty crops (e.g. artichoke and bean) will be considered within the general scope of the Special Issue. We highly believe that this compilation of high standard scientific papers on the principles and practices of vegetable grafting will foster discussions within this important field.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- tomato grafting --- splice grafting technique --- graft angle --- random diameter --- wild eggplant relative --- interspecific hybrid --- scion/rootstock combination --- plant vigour --- yield --- fruit quality attributes --- cucumber --- grafting techniques --- rootstock-scion --- soil-borne disease --- resistant --- tolerant crop growth --- fruit yield --- fruit quality --- LED --- PPFD --- PsaA --- PsbA --- Western Blot --- Cucumis melo L. --- arsenic --- grafting --- translocation --- bioaccumulation --- agricultural robot --- automated grafting --- agricultural machinery --- Tomato grafting --- salinity tolerance --- rootstock --- physio-biochemical mechanisms --- Solanum lycopresicum L. --- vegetable grafting --- Solanum melongena L. --- grafting combinations --- arbuscular micorrhizal fungi --- yield traits --- NUE --- mineral profile --- functional properties --- NaCl --- Citrullus vulgaris Schrad --- Luffa cylindrica Mill --- C. maxima Duch. × C. moschata Duch. --- seedlings --- morpho-physiological traits --- solanaceae --- cucurbitaceae --- defense mechanisms --- soilborne pathogen --- genetic resistance --- microbial communities --- soil/root interface --- reduced irrigation --- rootstocks --- leaf gas exchange --- Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum and Nakai --- functional quality --- lycopene --- storage --- sugars --- texture --- eggplant grafting --- sensory evaluation --- Brassicaceae --- growth --- mineral content --- photosynthesis --- taproot --- n/a