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Chicken. --- Chickens. --- Fluctuating asymmetry. --- Gait. --- Light. --- Stress. --- Tonic immobility. --- Welfare.

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Based on extensive field research, Susanne U. Schultz analyses the social situations following deportation for Malian men - their supposedly »failed« migratory adventures -, the implications for their social environment and broader society. In light of the current migration and development policy of the European Union and its externalization to Sub-Saharan Africa, she provides insight in the still understudied issue of people's everyday life after forced returns, exemplifying the effects of intra-African and European deportation regimes and the reactions to them. In doing so, this ethnographic study creates empirical knowledge on key issues in migration research, policy, and practice in a charged debate.

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social. --- Africa. --- Cultural Anthropology. --- Deportation. --- Ethnology. --- Fleeing. --- Immobility. --- Mali. --- Mobility. --- Post-Deportation. --- Refugee Studies.

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"The book's trans-imperial approach draws connections among Belgian, British, French, German, Italian, and Portuguese colonies to show that the technological and infrastructural imperatives of motor vehicles and roads in Africa shaped the administration of empire, social relations between colonizer and colonized, and the culture of the automobile in Europe"-

Transportation, Automotive --- Social aspects --- History. --- Africa --- Europe --- Colonization. --- Colonies --- Colonial influence. --- transport problem, forced immobility, sedentarization, European mobility, imperialism, motorization, infrastructure, cars and technology.

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During early ontogeny, stimuli that pose a threat to an animal change. Unrelated adult male rats may kill young rats, bur infanticide ends around weaning. Predation, on the other hand may increase during early ontogeny when mts begin to extend their activity range. We investigated the developmental course of two defensive responses, immobility and analgesia, in young rats exposed to an adult male rat or to predator cues. Preweaning 14-day-old mts became immobile and analgesic when exposed to the male and showed immobility but not analgesia when exposed to cat odor On Day 26, around weaning, the presence of the male rat no longer induced immobility and analgesia whereas cat odor produced higher levels of immobility and analgesia compared to control and male-exposed animals. This developmental change in responsivity may reflect the differences in the risk of being harmed by a male or a cat during different periods of ontogeny. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Activity. --- Adult. --- Analgesia. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Cat odor. --- Cat. --- Control. --- Cues. --- Defensive behavior. --- Defensive immobility. --- Defensive responses. --- Defensive. --- Dentate gyrus. --- Developmental-changes. --- Emotional motor system. --- Fear. --- Immobility. --- Increase. --- Infanticide. --- Level. --- Male conspecifics. --- Male rat. --- Male-rats. --- Male. --- Neurobiological basis. --- Odor. --- Ontogeny. --- Periods. --- Predation. --- Predator odor. --- Predator. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Rattus-norvegicus. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Risk. --- Stimuli. --- Stress-induced analgesia. --- Stress. --- Weaning. --- Young-rats. --- Young.

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Immobilization. --- Knee --- Biomechanical Phenomena. --- Biomechanic Phenomena --- Mechanobiological Phenomena --- Kinematics --- Biomechanic Phenomenas --- Phenomena, Biomechanic --- Phenomena, Biomechanical --- Phenomena, Mechanobiological --- Phenomenas, Biomechanic --- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine --- Mechanics --- Hypokinesia, Experimental --- Experimental Hypokinesia --- Experimental Hypokinesias --- Hypokinesias, Experimental --- Movement --- Restraint, Physical --- Hypokinesia --- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic --- Immobility Response, Tonic --- physiopathology. --- Theses --- Knee. --- Resistance (natural sciences). --- Biomechanics --- Biomechanic --- Immobilization --- Biomechanical Phenomena --- physiopathology