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The extended papers in this Special Issue cover the topics of smart energy, nuclear systems, and micro energy grids. In “Electrical Loads and Power Systems for the DEMO Nuclear Fusion Project” and “Energy Analysis for the Connection of the Nuclear Reactor DEMO to the European Electrical Grid”, the authors introduce a European DEMO project. In “Comparison and Design of Resonant Network Considering the Characteristics of a Plasma Generator” the authors present a theoretical analysis and experimental study on the resonant network of the power conditioning system (PCS). In “Techno-Economic Evaluation of Interconnected Nuclear-Renewable Micro Hybrid Energy Systems with Combined Heat and Power”, the authors conducted a sensitivity analysis to identify the impact of the different variables on the investigated systems. In “Fault Current Tracing and Identification via Machine Learning Considering Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution Networks”, the authors propose a current tracing method to model the single distribution feeder as several independent parallel connected virtual lines, with the result of tracing the detailed contribution of different current sources to the power line current. From the five extended papers, we observe that the SEGE is actively engaged in smart grid and green energy techniques. We hope that the readers enjoy this Special Issue.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- plasma generator --- LCL network --- LCCL network --- phase compensation --- ZVS control --- current tracing --- fault current --- distributed energy resources --- network model --- nuclear power plant --- renewable energy --- hybrid energy system --- combined heat and power --- nuclear fusion --- tokamak --- generation power plant --- power system --- electrical transmission grid --- balance of plant --- DEMO --- electric loads --- plasma --- power flow --- power supply --- power systems

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Short-term load forecasting (STLF) plays a key role in the formulation of economic, reliable, and secure operating strategies (planning, scheduling, maintenance, and control processes, among others) for a power system and will be significant in the future. However, there is still much to do in these research areas. The deployment of enabling technologies (e.g., smart meters) has made high-granularity data available for many customer segments and to approach many issues, for instance, to make forecasting tasks feasible at several demand aggregation levels. The first challenge is the improvement of STLF models and their performance at new aggregation levels. Moreover, the mix of renewables in the power system, and the necessity to include more flexibility through demand response initiatives have introduced greater uncertainties, which means new challenges for STLF in a more dynamic power system in the 2030–50 horizon. Many techniques have been proposed and applied for STLF, including traditional statistical models and AI techniques. Besides, distribution planning needs, as well as grid modernization, have initiated the development of hierarchical load forecasting. Analogously, the need to face new sources of uncertainty in the power system is giving more importance to probabilistic load forecasting. This Special Issue deals with both fundamental research and practical application research on STLF methodologies to face the challenges of a more distributed and customer-centered power system.

short-term load forecasting --- demand-side management --- pattern similarity --- hierarchical short-term load forecasting --- feature selection --- weather station selection --- load forecasting --- special days --- regressive models --- electric load forecasting --- data preprocessing technique --- multiobjective optimization algorithm --- combined model --- Nordic electricity market --- electricity demand --- component estimation method --- univariate and multivariate time series analysis --- modeling and forecasting --- deep learning --- wavenet --- long short-term memory --- demand response --- hybrid energy system --- data augmentation --- convolution neural network --- residential load forecasting --- forecasting --- time series --- cubic splines --- real-time electricity load --- seasonal patterns --- Load forecasting --- VSTLF --- bus load forecasting --- DBN --- PSR --- distributed energy resources --- prosumers --- building electric energy consumption forecasting --- cold-start problem --- transfer learning --- multivariate random forests --- random forest --- electricity consumption --- lasso --- Tikhonov regularization --- load metering --- preliminary load --- short term load forecasting --- performance criteria --- power systems --- cost analysis --- day ahead --- feature extraction --- deep residual neural network --- multiple sources --- electricity

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In the current scenario in which climate change dominates our lives and in which we all need to combat and drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energies play key roles as present and future energy sources. Renewable energies vary across a wide range, and therefore, there are related studies for each type of energy. This Special Issue is composed of studies integrating the latest research innovations and knowledge focused on all types of renewable energy: onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, solar, biomass, geothermal, waves, tides, hydro, etc. Authors were invited submit review and research papers focused on energy resource estimation, all types of TRL converters, civil infrastructure, electrical connection, environmental studies, licensing and development of facilities, construction, operation and maintenance, mechanical and structural analysis, new materials for these facilities, etc. Analyses of a combination of several renewable energies as well as storage systems to progress the development of these sustainable energies were welcomed.

Technology: general issues --- RE prospects and challenges --- RE regulations and policy --- RE in Bangladesh --- geothermal energy --- induced seismicity --- fault --- Basel --- poroelasticity --- HEM --- PV sizing --- Load scheduling --- Dijkstra Algorithm --- BPSO --- GA --- optimization --- wind farm --- pumped storage --- isolated systems --- power plant efficiency --- compact pigeon-inspired optimization --- maximum short-term generation --- swarm intelligence --- hydroelectric power station --- strategic planning --- site selection process --- offshore wind farms --- geographic information systems --- portfolio analysis --- Greece --- renewable energy --- photovoltaic generation --- battery storage --- reliability evaluation --- Monte Carlo Simulation --- photovoltaics (PV) --- biomass --- off-grid electrification --- feasibility analysis --- cost analysis --- simple payback period --- CO2 emissions --- residential energy-related CO2 emissions --- less developed regions --- urban and rural regions --- LMDI --- Tapio decoupling --- Jiangxi province --- Hybrid energy system --- wind power --- photovoltaic --- hosting capacity --- distribution system --- integrated system --- floating buoy --- offshore structure --- wave energy converter --- non-negative spring stiffness --- renewable–growth hypothesis --- renewable electricity --- economic growth --- renewable manufacturing --- energy–growth nexus --- inverters --- converters --- distributed generators --- utility grid --- hierarchical control --- PHEV --- NEDC --- WLTP --- energy consumption --- NEV credit regulation --- subsidy policy --- frequency control --- power system stability --- variable renewable energy sources --- wind power plants --- photovoltaic power plants --- wave energy converters --- heaving point absorber --- design and performance --- spatial and temporal variation --- emergy --- emergetic ternary diagrams --- sustainability --- environmental loading --- energy systems assessment --- solar updraft tower --- artificial neural network --- principal component analysis --- wave overtopping rate --- photovoltaic spatial planning --- photovoltaic carrying capacity --- influence factors --- optimization strategies --- carrying capacity distribution --- planning adjustment --- renewable energy resources --- grid integrated solar PV systems --- sustainable power generation --- maximum power point tracking --- grid reliability and voltage source converter

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This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers.

methanol steam reforming --- hydrogen production --- exhaust waste heat --- rib microreactor --- air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- adiabatic fuel cell temperature --- thermodynamic analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- ammonia --- hydrogen --- production --- storage --- utilization --- CO2 free --- hydrogen storage --- hydrogen compression --- non-mechanical compressors --- electrochemical compressors --- activated carbons --- computational analysis --- high-pressure methanol steam reformer --- phase change heat transfer --- high pressure steam condensation --- high temperature PEM --- fuel cell --- electro-osmotic drag --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells --- membrane water transport --- elementary reactions steps --- rate-determining step --- solid oxide electrolysis cell --- multi-physics --- optimal rib/pitch ratio --- parameters sensitivity --- analytical expression --- SOFC --- system --- model --- stack test --- hydrogen systems --- cryogenics --- vortex tubes --- computational fluid dynamics --- low melting metal --- Al-based alloy --- metal smelting --- fuel cells --- hydrogen hybrid energy system --- thermography --- CFD modeling --- heat transfer --- optimization --- PEM --- fault --- diagnosis --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- distribution of relaxation times --- reformate --- proton exchange membrane fuel cell --- gas diffusion layer --- microscopic porous layer --- fracture --- two phase flow

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This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers.

Technology: general issues --- methanol steam reforming --- hydrogen production --- exhaust waste heat --- rib microreactor --- air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- adiabatic fuel cell temperature --- thermodynamic analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- ammonia --- hydrogen --- production --- storage --- utilization --- CO2 free --- hydrogen storage --- hydrogen compression --- non-mechanical compressors --- electrochemical compressors --- activated carbons --- computational analysis --- high-pressure methanol steam reformer --- phase change heat transfer --- high pressure steam condensation --- high temperature PEM --- fuel cell --- electro-osmotic drag --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells --- membrane water transport --- elementary reactions steps --- rate-determining step --- solid oxide electrolysis cell --- multi-physics --- optimal rib/pitch ratio --- parameters sensitivity --- analytical expression --- SOFC --- system --- model --- stack test --- hydrogen systems --- cryogenics --- vortex tubes --- computational fluid dynamics --- low melting metal --- Al-based alloy --- metal smelting --- fuel cells --- hydrogen hybrid energy system --- thermography --- CFD modeling --- heat transfer --- optimization --- PEM --- fault --- diagnosis --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- distribution of relaxation times --- reformate --- proton exchange membrane fuel cell --- gas diffusion layer --- microscopic porous layer --- fracture --- two phase flow