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Life Histories of the Dobe !Kung re-examines an important anthropological data set for the Dobe !Kung, the well-known "Bushmen" of the Kalahari Desert, collected by Nancy Howell and colleagues. Using life history analysis, Howell reinterprets this rich material to address the question of how these hunter-gatherers maintain their notably good health from childhood through old age in the Kalahari's harsh environment. She divides the population into life history stages that correlate with estimated chronological ages and demonstrates how and why they survive, even thrive, on a modest allotment of calories. She describes how surplus food is produced and distributed, and she considers both the motives for the generous sharing she has observed among the Dobe !Kung and some evolutionary implications of that behavior.

!Kung (African people) --- Food habits --- Food --- Food. --- Nutrition. --- Health and hygiene. --- Caloric content --- anthropological data set. --- anthropology. --- biographical. --- bushmen. --- cultural anthropology. --- discussion books. --- dobe kung. --- ethnographers. --- evolutionary implications. --- food. --- generational. --- good health. --- harsh environment. --- human behavior. --- human culture. --- hunter gatherers. --- kalahari desert. --- life analysis. --- life histories. --- life spans. --- life stages. --- low calorie diets. --- nonfiction. --- physical anthropology. --- remote places. --- retrospective. --- scientists. --- sharing culture. --- sociology anthropology. --- weight issues.

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The latest proliferation of Internet of Things deployments and edge computing combined with artificial intelligence has led to new exciting application scenarios, where embedded digital devices are essential enablers. Moreover, new powerful and efficient devices are appearing to cope with workloads formerly reserved for the cloud, such as deep learning. These devices allow processing close to where data are generated, avoiding bottlenecks due to communication limitations. The efficient integration of hardware, software and artificial intelligence capabilities deployed in real sensing contexts empowers the edge intelligence paradigm, which will ultimately contribute to the fostering of the offloading processing functionalities to the edge. In this Special Issue, researchers have contributed nine peer-reviewed papers covering a wide range of topics in the area of edge intelligence. Among them are hardware-accelerated implementations of deep neural networks, IoT platforms for extreme edge computing, neuro-evolvable and neuromorphic machine learning, and embedded recommender systems.

high-level synthesis --- HLS --- SDSoC --- support vector machines --- SVM --- code refactoring --- Zynq --- ZedBoard --- extreme edge --- embedded edge computing --- internet of things deployment --- hardware design --- IoT security --- Contiki-NG --- trustability --- embedded systems --- collaborative filtering --- recommender systems --- parallelism --- reconfigurable hardware --- neuroevolution --- block-based neural network --- dynamic and partial reconfiguration --- scalability --- reinforcement learning --- embedded system --- artificial intelligence --- hardware acceleration --- neuromorphic processor --- power consumption --- harsh environment --- fog computing --- edge computing --- cloud computing --- IoT gateway --- LoRa --- WiFi --- low power consumption --- low latency --- flexible --- smart port --- quantisation --- evolutionary algorithm --- neural network --- FPGA --- Movidius VPU --- 2D graphics accelerator --- line-drawing --- Bresenham’s algorithm --- alpha-blending --- anti-aliasing --- field-programmable gate array --- deep learning --- performance estimation --- Gaussian process

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This proceedings volume archives the contributions of the speakers who attended the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on “Science and Technology of Semiconductor-On-Insulator Structures and Devices Operating in a Harsh Environment” held at the Sanatorium Puscha Ozerna, th th Kyiv, Ukraine, from 25 to 29 April 2004. The semiconductor industry has maintained a very rapid growth during the last three decades through impressive technological achievements which have resulted in products with higher performance and lower cost per function. After many years of development semiconductor-on-insulator materials have entered volume production and will increasingly be used by the manufacturing industry. The wider use of semiconductor (especially silicon) on insulator materials will not only enable the benefits of these materials to be further demonstrated but, also, will drive down the cost of substrates which, in turn, will stimulate the development of other novel devices and applications. In itself this trend will encourage the promotion of the skills and ideas generated by researchers in the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and their incorporation in future collaborations.

Semiconductors --- Insulating materials --- Silicon-on-insulator technology --- Semiconducteurs --- Isolants --- Silicium sur isolant --- Congresses. --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Semiconductors. --- Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Congrès --- EPUB-LIV-FT Harsh LIVINGEN SPRINGER-B Semiconductor environment insulator on structures --- Engineering. --- Automotive engineering. --- Electrical engineering. --- Microwaves. --- Optical engineering. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Automotive Engineering. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Building materials --- Computer engineering. --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Optics --- Materials --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Design and construction --- Mechanical engineering --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Electronic materials --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Harsh environment --- Semiconductor on insulator structures --- Semiconductors - Congresses --- Insulating materials - Congresses --- Silicon-on-insulator technology - Congresses

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In modern times, mechatronic and robotic systems are developing at a faster pace than in the past, and research on novel solutions and applications of such devices are studied in both industrial and academic environments. The second volume of this Special Issue of Applied Sciences aims to disseminate the latest research achievements, ideas, and applications of the modeling and control of mechatronic and robotic systems, with particular emphasis on novel trends and challenges. We invited contributions to this Special Issue on topics including (but not limited to): modeling and control, path and trajectory planning, optimization problems, collaborative robotics, mechatronics, flexible multi-body systems, mobile robotics, and manufacturing applications.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- wobble motor --- permeance --- magnetic circuit --- leakage flux --- electropermanent magnet --- force model --- inverse kinematics --- genetic algorithm --- workspace analysis --- multi-fingered anthropomorphic hand --- amphibious robot --- spherical robot --- assistant fin --- buoyancy --- hydrodynamic force --- robot --- crawler --- traction --- kinematics --- EOD Robot --- terrorist attacks --- hybrid control --- state machine --- Festo --- PLC --- friction force --- trout --- fish processing machine --- simulation --- vision based system --- humanoid robots --- robot design --- legged robots --- dynamic model --- harsh environment --- kinematic model --- mecanum wheel --- omnidirectional robot --- robotic platform --- surveillance --- flow-rate estimation --- automatic pouring machine --- extended Kalman filter --- mechatronics --- hysteresis --- advance trajectory control --- piezoelectric --- actuator --- neural networks --- robust control --- MPC --- foot location --- motion planning --- gait transitioning --- deep deterministic policy gradients --- snake manipulator --- data-driven --- accuracy --- 6DoF motion platform --- monitoring system --- crank arm mechanisms --- cable-driven parallel robots --- overconstrained robots --- design --- non-contact operations --- behavior-based --- climber robot --- control --- control architecture --- fault-tolerant --- legged robot --- optimization --- 3D printer --- Cartesian kinematics --- vibration analysis --- additive manufacturing --- mechanical design --- closed-kinematic chain manipulator (CKCM) --- sliding mode control (SMC) --- time-delay estimation (TDE) --- nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC) --- synchronization control --- model-free control --- n/a

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In modern times, mechatronic and robotic systems are developing at a faster pace than in the past, and research on novel solutions and applications of such devices are studied in both industrial and academic environments. The second volume of this Special Issue of Applied Sciences aims to disseminate the latest research achievements, ideas, and applications of the modeling and control of mechatronic and robotic systems, with particular emphasis on novel trends and challenges. We invited contributions to this Special Issue on topics including (but not limited to): modeling and control, path and trajectory planning, optimization problems, collaborative robotics, mechatronics, flexible multi-body systems, mobile robotics, and manufacturing applications.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- wobble motor --- permeance --- magnetic circuit --- leakage flux --- electropermanent magnet --- force model --- inverse kinematics --- genetic algorithm --- workspace analysis --- multi-fingered anthropomorphic hand --- amphibious robot --- spherical robot --- assistant fin --- buoyancy --- hydrodynamic force --- robot --- crawler --- traction --- kinematics --- EOD Robot --- terrorist attacks --- hybrid control --- state machine --- Festo --- PLC --- friction force --- trout --- fish processing machine --- simulation --- vision based system --- humanoid robots --- robot design --- legged robots --- dynamic model --- harsh environment --- kinematic model --- mecanum wheel --- omnidirectional robot --- robotic platform --- surveillance --- flow-rate estimation --- automatic pouring machine --- extended Kalman filter --- mechatronics --- hysteresis --- advance trajectory control --- piezoelectric --- actuator --- neural networks --- robust control --- MPC --- foot location --- motion planning --- gait transitioning --- deep deterministic policy gradients --- snake manipulator --- data-driven --- accuracy --- 6DoF motion platform --- monitoring system --- crank arm mechanisms --- cable-driven parallel robots --- overconstrained robots --- design --- non-contact operations --- behavior-based --- climber robot --- control --- control architecture --- fault-tolerant --- legged robot --- optimization --- 3D printer --- Cartesian kinematics --- vibration analysis --- additive manufacturing --- mechanical design --- closed-kinematic chain manipulator (CKCM) --- sliding mode control (SMC) --- time-delay estimation (TDE) --- nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC) --- synchronization control --- model-free control