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Electronics and optics of solids --- Semimetals --- Narrow gap semiconductors --- Semiconducteurs à bande interdite étroite --- 538.9 --- Metalloids --- Metals --- Gapless semiconductors --- Zero gap semiconductors --- Energy gap (Physics) --- Semiconductors --- Physics of condensed matter (in liquid state and solid state) --- Narrow gap semiconductors. --- Semimetals. --- 538.9 Physics of condensed matter (in liquid state and solid state) --- Semiconducteurs à bande interdite étroite

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Narrow gap semiconductors obey the general rules of semiconductor science, but often exhibit extreme features of these rules because of the same properties that produce their narrow gaps. Consequently, these materials provide sensitive tests of theory, and the opportunity for the design of innovative devices. For example, narrow gap semiconductors are the most important materials for the preparation of advanced modern infrared systems. In this book, the authors offer clear descriptions of crystal growth and the fundamental structure and properties of these unique materials. Topics covered include band structure, optical and transport properties, and lattice vibrations and spectra. Physics and Properties of Narrow Gap Semiconductors helps readers to understand semiconductor physics and related areas of materials science and how they relate to advanced opto-electronic devices.

Narrow gap semiconductors. --- Energy gap (Physics) --- Gap, Energy --- Energy-band theory of solids --- Photoconductivity --- Solids --- Gapless semiconductors --- Zero gap semiconductors --- Semiconductors --- Optical materials. --- Engineering. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Engineering, general. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Optics --- Materials --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Electronic materials. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Materials science. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Electronic materials --- Dynamics --- Light

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As we all know, electrons carry both charge and spin. The processing of information in conventional electronic devices is based only on the charge of electrons. Spin electronics, or spintronics, uses the spin of electrons, as well as their charge, to process information. Metals, semiconductors, and insulators are the basic materials that constitute the components of electronic devices, and these types of materials have been transforming all aspects of society for over a century. In contrast, magnetic metals, half-metals (including zero-gap half-metals), magnetic semiconductors (including spin-gapless semiconductors), dilute magnetic semiconductors, and magnetic insulators are the materials that will form the basis for spintronic devices. This book aims to collect a range of papers on novel materials that have intriguing physical properties and numerous potential practical applications in spintronics.

n/a --- doping --- spin polarization --- first-principle --- quaternary Heusler alloy --- electronic structure --- Prussian blue analogue --- first-principles calculations --- first-principles calculation --- magnetic anisotropy --- pressure --- Nb (100) surface --- Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction --- optical properties --- skyrmion --- equiatomic quaternary Heusler compounds --- Heusler alloy --- interface structure --- first principles --- magnetism --- spin transport --- first-principles method --- monolayer CrSi2 --- half-metallic material --- H adsorption --- half-metallic materials --- lattice dynamics --- spin gapless semiconductor --- first-principle calculations --- half-metallicity --- bulk CrSi2 --- covalent hybridization --- H diffusion --- electronic property --- MgBi2O6 --- physical nature --- Mo doping --- phase stability --- mechanical anisotropy --- quaternary Heusler compound --- magnetic properties --- exchange energy --- Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

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Fossil fuels leaded the 21st century industrial revolution but caused some critical problems such as exhaustion of resources and global warming. Also, current power plants require too much high cost and long time for establishment and facilities to provide electricity. Thus, developing new power production systems with environmental friendliness and low-cost is critical global needs. There are some emerging energy harvesting technologies such as thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric nanogenerators, which have great advantages on eco-friendly low-cost materials, simple fabrication, and various operating sources. Since the introduction of various energy harvesting technologies, many novel designs and applications as power suppliers and physical sensors in the world have been demonstrated based on their unique advantages. In this Special Issue, we would like to address and share basic approaches, new designs, and industrial applications related to thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric devices which are on-going in Korea. With this Special Issue, we aim to promote fundamental understanding and to find novel ways to achieve industrial product manufacturing for energy harvesters.

triboelectric nanogenerators --- n/a --- carbon nanotube --- mesoporous composite polymer --- organic composites --- railroad vehicle --- rolling stock --- suspension system --- remnant polarization --- water wave energy --- oxygen vacancy --- energy harvesting --- PVDF --- thermoelectric --- high dielectric constant --- advanced driver assistance technology --- thin film --- sensor --- wireless chemical sensor --- energy-harvesting metamaterial --- metamaterial sensor --- thermoelectric generator --- nanoimprinting --- superhydrophobic surface --- layer-by-layer --- high deformability --- metal oxidation --- IoT technology --- TiO_2?x nanoparticle --- spray method --- piezoelectric --- graphene --- shock absorber --- ferroelectric --- frictional force --- axle bearing --- femtosecond laser --- carbon nanotubes --- mechanical energy --- polymers --- mechanical fatigue resistance --- gapless --- power factor --- nanostructures --- triboelectric generator --- hybrid energy --- microstructures --- triboelectric nanogenerator

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The advancement in manufacturing technology and scientific research has improved the development of enhanced composite materials with tailored properties depending on their design requirements in many engineering fields, as well as in thermal and energy management. Some representative examples of advanced materials in many smart applications and complex structures rely on laminated composites, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and carbon-based constituents, primarily carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene sheets or nanoplatelets, because of their remarkable mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and high permeability. For such materials, experimental tests usually require a large economical effort because of the complex nature of each constituent, together with many environmental, geometrical and or mechanical uncertainties of non-conventional specimens. At the same time, the theoretical and/or computational approaches represent a valid alternative for designing complex manufacts with more flexibility. In such a context, the development of advanced theoretical and computational models for composite materials and structures is a subject of active research, as explored here for a large variety of structural members, involving the static, dynamic, buckling, and damage/fracturing problems at different scales.

prestressed concrete cylinder pipe --- external prestressed steel strands --- theoretical study --- wire-breakage --- first-principles calculation --- Heusler compounds --- gapless half metals --- spin gapless semiconductor --- bi-directional functionally graded --- bolotin scheme --- dynamic stability --- elastic foundation --- porosity --- two-axis four-gimbal --- electro-optical pod --- dynamics modeling --- coarse–fine composite --- Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) --- fastener --- arc --- Joule heat --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- piezoelectric effect --- bimodular model --- functionally-graded materials --- cantilever --- vibration --- functional reinforcement --- graphene nanoplatelets --- higher-order shear deformable laminated beams --- nanocomposites --- nonlinear free vibration --- sandwich beams --- fractional calculus --- Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative --- viscoelasticity --- pipe flow --- fractional Maxwell model --- fractional Zener model --- fractional Burgers model --- Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative --- fractional Kelvin–Voigt model --- fractional Poynting–Thomson model --- curved sandwich nanobeams --- nonlocal strain gradient theory --- quasi-3D higher-order shear theory --- thermal-buckling --- FG-GPL --- GDQ --- heat transfer equation --- higher-order shear deformation theory --- buckling --- FE-GDQ --- functionally graded materials --- 3D elasticity --- 3D shell model --- steady-state hygro-elastic analysis --- Fick moisture diffusion equation --- moisture content profile --- layer-wise approach --- n/a --- coarse-fine composite --- fractional Kelvin-Voigt model --- fractional Poynting-Thomson model