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This Special Issue aims to examine high-density solid-state memory devices and technologies from various standpoints in an attempt to foster their continuous success in the future. Considering that broadening of the range of applications will likely offer different types of solid-state memories their chance in the spotlight, the Special Issue is not focused on a specific storage solution but rather embraces all the most relevant solid-state memory devices and technologies currently on stage. Even the subjects dealt with in this Special Issue are widespread, ranging from process and design issues/innovations to the experimental and theoretical analysis of the operation and from the performance and reliability of memory devices and arrays to the exploitation of solid-state memories to pursue new computing paradigms.

resistive switching memory --- in-memory computing --- crosspoint array --- artificial intelligence --- deep learning --- dielectric --- RTN --- TAT --- Wiener–Khinchin --- transient analysis --- phonon --- surface roughness --- spectral index --- power spectrum --- program suspend --- 3D NAND Flash --- Solid State Drives --- MOSFET --- low-frequency noise --- random telegraph noise --- evaluation method --- array test pattern --- STT-MRAM --- spintronics --- CoFeB --- composite free layer --- low power electronics --- NAND Flash memory --- endurance --- reliability --- oxide trapped charge --- artificial neural networks --- neuromorphic computing --- NOR Flash memory arrays --- program noise --- pulse-width modulation --- 3D NAND --- floating gate cell --- charge-trap cell --- CMOS under array --- bumpless --- TSV --- WOW --- COW --- BBCube --- bandwidth --- yield --- power consumption --- thermal management --- n/a --- Wiener-Khinchin

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This handbook presents the state of the art of quantitative methods and models to understand and assess the science and technology system. Focusing on various aspects of the development and application of indicators derived from data on scholarly publications, patents and electronic communications, the individual chapters, written by leading experts, discuss theoretical and methodological issues, illustrate applications, highlight their policy context and relevance, and point to future research directions. A substantial portion of the book is dedicated to detailed descriptions and analyses of data sources, presenting both traditional and advanced approaches. It addresses the main bibliographic metrics and indexes, such as the journal impact factor and the h-index, as well as altmetric and webometric indicators and science mapping techniques on different levels of aggregation and in the context of their value for the assessment of research performance as well as their impact on research policy and society. It also presents and critically discusses various national research evaluation systems. Complementing the sections reflecting on the science system, the technology section includes multiple chapters that explain different aspects of patent statistics, patent classification and database search methods to retrieve patent-related information. In addition, it examines the relevance of trademarks and standards as additional technological indicators. The Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators is an invaluable resource for practitioners, scientists and policy makers wanting a systematic and thorough analysis of the potential and limitations of the various approaches to assess research and research performance.

Science --- Technology --- Economic policy. --- Management. --- Industrial management. --- Engineering—Vocational guidance. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Research—Moral and ethical aspects. --- R & D/Technology Policy. --- Innovation/Technology Management. --- Job Careers in Science and Engineering. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Research Ethics. --- Business administration --- Business enterprises --- Business management --- Corporate management --- Corporations --- Industrial administration --- Management, Industrial --- Rationalization of industry --- Scientific management --- Management --- Business --- Industrial organization --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Technologie. --- Science et technologie. --- Evaluation. --- evaluation method --- technology --- технология --- technológia --- teknik --- tecnologia --- technologija --- tehnoloogia --- tehnoloģija --- teknologi --- tehnologie --- tehnologija --- teknologia --- technologia --- teknoloġija --- τεχνολογία --- tecnología --- Technologie --- technologie --- teknologji --- технологија --- technický postup --- ingeniería --- inžinierstvo --- settore tecnologico --- technika --- egnet teknologi --- ingenjörsvetenskap --- ingénierie --- μηχανολογία --- engenharia --- инженерство --- inženýrství --- inžinerija --- engineering --- inženjering --- tehnika --- inženierpakalpojumi --- inginerie --- ingegneria dei sistemi --- inženierzinība --- inxhinieri --- método de evaluación --- evaluatiemethode --- způsob vyhodnocení --- metodă de evaluare --- método de avaliação --- метод на проценка --- hindamismeetod --- įvertinimo metodas --- metodë vlerësimi --- metodu ta' evalwazzjoni --- metodo di valutazione --- метод процењивања --- metoda procjene --- evalueringsmetode --- metoda oceny --- arviointimenetelmä --- metóda hodnotenia --- metoda vrednotenja --- процедура за оценка --- Bewertungsverfahren --- méthode d'évaluation --- utvärderingsmetod --- μέθοδος αξιολόγησης --- novērtēšanas metode --- értékelési módszer --- valutazione --- sætte på prøve --- vyhodnocovací metoda --- Bewertung --- evaluation --- sperimentazione --- évaluation --- evaluatie --- novērtēšana --- vērtēšana --- αξιολόγηση --- метод на евалуација --- υποβολή σε έλεγχο --- postupak vrednovanja --- vyhodnocení výzkumu --- zhodnocení výzkumu --- проценка --- evaluering --- método de valoración --- evaluacija --- evaluare --- mise à l'épreuve --- вреднување --- arviointi --- teicneolaíocht --- modh meastóireachta --- evaluation method. --- technology.

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This Special Issue includes contributions about occupants’ sustainable living in buildings and communities, highlighting issues surrounding the sustainable development of our environments and lives by emphasizing smart and green design perspectives. This Special Issue specifically focuses on research and case studies that develop promising methods for the sustainable development of our environment and identify factors critical to the application of a sustainable paradigm for quality of life from a user-oriented perspective. After a rigorous review of the submissions by experts, fourteen articles concerning sustainable living and development are published in this Special Issue, written by authors sharing their expertise and approaches to the concept and application of sustainability in their fields. The fourteen contributions to this special issue can be categorized into four groups, depending on the issues that they address. All the proposed methods, models, and applications in these studies contribute to the current understanding of the adoption of the sustainability paradigm and are likely to inspire further research addressing the challenges of constructing sustainable buildings and communities resulting in a sustainable life for all of society.

sustainability --- regionalism --- climate --- unit plan --- apartment --- Singapore --- Korea --- sustainable architecture --- space syntax --- partitioning theory --- total depth --- intelligibility --- movement economies --- architecture --- building performance simulation --- performance-based design --- agent-based model --- Gaussian process --- electroencephalography --- virtual reality --- monument architecture --- stress --- data visualization --- deep learning --- smart building --- interactive experience --- “five senses” interaction --- people-oriented --- embedding --- recommender system --- collaborative filtering --- housing preference --- housing decision --- human behavior simulation --- virtual users --- social sustainability --- performance analysis --- evaluation method --- architectural design education --- eye tracking --- virtual environment --- street robbery --- CPTED --- crime prevention --- fixation count --- people with physical disabilities --- job retention --- path analysis --- perceived workplace safety --- workplace disability facilities --- work satisfaction --- social housing --- social economy actors --- Seoul --- South Korea --- sustainable development --- sustainable design --- energy efficiency --- public rental housing --- building simulation --- elderly --- biophilia --- biophilic experience --- smart home --- smart-home service --- service framework --- water distribution --- water war --- conflict --- ownership --- divided Cyprus --- blue-collar workers --- intervention study --- health promotion --- cardiovascular disease --- n/a --- "five senses" interaction

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In recent years, interest in rigorous impact evaluation has grown tremendously in policy-making, economics, public health, social sciences and international relations. Evidence-based policy-making has become a recurring theme in public policy, alongside greater demands for accountability in public policies and public spending, and requests for independent and rigorous impact evaluations for policy evidence. Frölich and Sperlich offer a comprehensive and up-to-date approach to quantitative impact evaluation analysis, also known as causal inference or treatment effect analysis, illustrating the main approaches for identification and estimation: experimental studies, randomization inference and randomized control trials (RCTs), matching and propensity score matching and weighting, instrumental variable estimation, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity designs, quantile treatment effects, and evaluation of dynamic treatments. The book is designed for economics graduate courses but can also serve as a manual for professionals in research institutes, governments, and international organizations, evaluating the impact of a wide range of public policies in health, environment

Econometrics. --- Evaluation research (Social action programs) --- Estimation theory. --- Estimating techniques --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Stochastic processes --- Evaluation of social action programs --- Evaluative research (Social action programs) --- Evaluation --- Social action --- Social sciences --- Social service --- Economics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Research --- evaluation method --- Techniques d'évaluation --- Sciences sociales --- social sciences --- socialiniai mokslai --- družbene vede --- humanitní vědy --- κοινωνικές επιστήμες --- sociālās zinātnes --- științe sociale --- társadalomtudományok --- општествени науки --- socialvidenskaber --- shkenca sociale --- scienze sociali --- Sozialwissenschaften --- xjenzi soċjali --- yhteiskuntatieteet --- samhällsvetenskap --- ciências sociais --- spoločenské vedy --- nauki społeczne --- eolaíochtaí sóisialta --- друштвене науке --- социални науки --- društvene znanosti --- sociale wetenschappen --- ciencias sociales --- sotsiaalteadused --- sciences sociales --- menswetenschappen --- sociální vědy --- bölcsészettudományok --- științe umane --- humanističke znanosti --- duchovědy --- humanvetenskap --- scienze umane --- humanities --- společenské vědy --- ühiskonnateadused --- културологија --- studime klasike --- humanidades --- ciências humanas --- sciences humaines --- humanitārās zinātnes --- humanitné vedy --- хуманистички науки --- Gesellschaftswissenschaften --- geesteswetenschappen --- humaniora --- humanitariniai mokslai --- Kulturwissenschaften --- επιστήμες του ανθρώπου --- духовни науки --- samfundsvidenskaber --- humanitaarteadused --- scienze dell'uomo --- método de evaluación --- evaluatiemethode --- způsob vyhodnocení --- metodă de evaluare --- método de avaliação --- метод на проценка --- hindamismeetod --- įvertinimo metodas --- metodë vlerësimi --- metodu ta' evalwazzjoni --- metodo di valutazione --- метод процењивања --- metoda procjene --- evalueringsmetode --- metoda oceny --- arviointimenetelmä --- metóda hodnotenia --- metoda vrednotenja --- процедура за оценка --- Bewertungsverfahren --- méthode d'évaluation --- utvärderingsmetod --- μέθοδος αξιολόγησης --- novērtēšanas metode --- értékelési módszer --- valutazione --- sætte på prøve --- vyhodnocovací metoda --- Bewertung --- evaluation --- sperimentazione --- évaluation --- evaluatie --- novērtēšana --- vērtēšana --- αξιολόγηση --- метод на евалуација --- υποβολή σε έλεγχο --- postupak vrednovanja --- vyhodnocení výzkumu --- zhodnocení výzkumu --- проценка --- evaluering --- método de valoración --- evaluacija --- evaluare --- mise à l'épreuve --- вреднување --- arviointi

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This book is a compilation of original research articles that apply a variety of techniques to identify and evaluate water resource management policies. These papers cover a wide range of topics and methodologies applied across the world, from a local to a continental scope. They illustrate open challenges in water resource management, such as the quantitative assessment of policy impacts, trade-off analyses, understanding the water–energy–food–environment nexus, collaborative model development, stakeholder engagement, formalizing social interactions, or improving the theoretical understanding of complex adaptive systems. Therefore, this book is a representation of research areas that have emerged from the origins of water resource systems analysis, seeking to improve the way in which water policy is formulated and implemented.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- climate change --- water resources --- water availability --- uncertainty --- WAAPA model --- Western Europe --- water quality --- background pollutants --- export coefficient model --- chemical oxygen demand --- ammonia nitrogen --- water resource accessibility --- spatial pattern --- coupling coordination degree --- water resource management --- Southwest China --- pump efficiency --- water distribution systems --- water supply systems --- optimization --- design policies --- design --- BMPs --- Revised GWLF --- NSGAII --- hydrological dam safety --- initial reservoir level --- maximum conservation level --- water conservation volume --- flood control volume --- yield reliability --- regular operation --- stochastic methodology --- water management --- resources --- system dynamics --- drought management --- drought impacts --- urban public services --- inter-administrative cooperation --- border studies --- internal borders --- river municipalities --- freshwater health --- river chief system --- ecological integrity --- social services --- water governance --- national standard --- risk assessment --- water-saving --- set pair analysis --- China --- fluvial ecosystems --- hydropeaking --- InSTHAn tool --- short-term flow regimes --- subdaily flows --- sustainable river management --- droughts --- hydrological risk --- agri-food sector --- event study --- financial markets --- BOVESPA --- stormwater --- industrial facilities --- run off --- self-reported data --- multifunctional water source area --- ecotourism, people with different stakeholders --- balanced decision-making --- sponge city --- fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method --- water resource carrying capacity --- gray correlation analysis --- multiple linear regression models --- water environment capacity --- reservoir performance --- water resources systems --- participatory modeling --- river basin planning --- watershed management --- water scarcity --- water conflicts --- Robust Decision Support --- WEAP --- Integrated Water Resources Management --- Bolivia