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This book discusses the possibilities, reach, challenges, and limitations of agroforestry in new contexts where the security of food, nutrition, and the environment are equally vital. The focus of each chapter in the book is on the potential for agroforestry to address pressing issues such as sustainability, food, fodder, nutrition, and environmental security, as well as to offer, support, regulate, and to provide cultural services to society. Some of the devoted chapters in the book also go into detail on the scope and restrictions of agroforestry owing to existing regional and climatic barriers/problems, in addition to in-depth discussion of prospects of agroforestry in changed climate scenarios to cater to current and future needs. The major focus of this book is to aggregate up-to-date and recent agroforestry research studies/achievements to make them accessible to all the stakeholders for their use and to disseminate how agroforestry systems are playing a crucial role in tackling many difficulties during the changing climate and environmental crisis. The stakeholders find this book helpful in learning agroforestry and its importance in situations with changing climatic conditions across the globe. Additionally, it may also be helpful for policy makers for formulating policies pertaining to the adaptation and mitigation of climate change, the conservation of natural resources, and food and nutritional security, including sustainable development through agroforestry.
Agriculture. --- Forestry. --- Bioclimatology. --- Climate Change Ecology.
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This monograph covers uniqueness of micromorphology in resolving many important but enigmatic pedological issues such as clay illuviation, formation of pedogenic and non-pedogenic CaCO3, modification of plasmic fabric, contemporary and relict pedogenic processes, polygenesis of soils in Alfisols, Mollisols, Ultisols, Vertisols and Inceptisols of the tropical Indian environments. Chapters in this title also include identification of paleosols, diagenetic overprinting of the pedofeatures in lithified paleosols, and alluvial cyclicity of the fluvial successions. The techniques mentioned in this title are of tremendous value in pedological and geological research for precise and unambiguous definitions of soil taxa to build the national soil information and refine the stratigraphy of the terrestrial sediments. The information is for the benefit the students and researchers of pedology and geomorphology who often come across extreme difficulties in relating to examples applyingthe principles of soil formation from textbooks devoted almost exclusively to soils of the temperate climates. The format of this publication is arranged for a process-oriented text and figures on micromorphology of the tropical soils and paleosols as a reference for pedologists, earth scientists, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students, and also for land resource managers who are engaged in enhancing the productivity of such tropical soils in India and elsewhere.
Bioclimatology. --- Soil science. --- Geology. --- Climate Change Ecology. --- Soil Science.
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Mangroves are among the most productive and diverse ecosystems on Earth, providing a range of ecosystem services that benefit millions of people and support global sustainability goals. However, mangroves are also highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as sea level rise, storms, salinity changes, and erosion, which threaten their survival and functionality. This book aims to provide researchers with the latest scientific knowledge and practical tools to understand, assess, and enhance the adaptation and resilience of mangroves to climate change. It covers topics such as mangrove ecology and distribution, mangrove ecosystem services and valuation, mangrove adaptation and resilience mechanisms and indicators, mangrove restoration and conservation strategies, mangrove governance and policy frameworks, and mangrove modelling and mapping approaches. The book also showcases case studies from different regions of the world, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of mangrove management in a changing world. The book is intended to serve as a valuable reference and resource for researchers, students, practitioners, policymakers, and anyone interested in mangrove science and management.
Biology. --- Biotic communities. --- Bioclimatology. --- Biological Sciences. --- Ecosystems. --- Climate Change Ecology.
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Blue carbon ecosystems are of tremendous value towards the utilization of high-salinity water, such as seawater, as well as hyper-saline soils, and salt-tolerant biota for the production of biomass, for food, animal feed, fiber, fuel, carbon sequestration and other economic purposes. In order to achieve the 17 SDGs, scientific research into blue carbon ecosystems is an absolutely important element. Moreover, monitoring is needed as well as the conservation of the remaining blue carbon ecosystems, and the restoration of lost habitats. The book will provide comprehensive scientific documentation inspiring the way forward on how to utilize saline resources in the best interest of humanity. It will try to foster the academic research and networking for land-users, politicians, development banks, innovative farmers, investors, energy - producers, and carbon-off-setters. The papers presented in this book emanate from a conference held at the Yokohama National University (Japan) in January 2023.
Biology. --- Bioclimatology. --- Biological Sciences. --- Climate Change Ecology. --- Mangrove ecology.
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This book presents case studies of risk management of various hazards and risk management systems at regional, national, and local levels. It also proposes a comprehensive approach to reduce future risks by collaborating with various stakeholders and preparing for the most effective responses toward complicated hazards, minimizing social damage. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the concern as well as interest in the diversification of future risks and the complexity of the damage and impact that multiple risks may cause. These hazard risks include not only natural hazards, but also biological, industrial, and nuclear hazards along with other risks such as cyber-attacks, climate change, food security, conflict, and multiple hazards occurring simultaneously. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, adopted in 2015 at the United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, accounts for the risks caused by natural or manmade hazards as well as related environmental, technological, and biological hazards and risks. The framework guides the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels and sectors. However, in the current disaster management system in most countries, different offices are responsible for each different hazard, making it extremely difficult to manage those hazard risks comprehensively. Having experienced the COVID-19 pandemic, it is now time to review the current risk management strategy and system, and thereafter discuss how to strengthen and transform our risk perception and manner of risk assessment and identification to tackle future multiple hazards. Simultaneously, further collaboration among experts from different backgrounds and fields will become indispensable. While the discussion of the need for an “all-hazards approach” has taken place for many years, there now needs to be discussion of a risk-focused framework.
Natural disasters. --- Bioclimatology. --- Natural Hazards. --- Climate Change Ecology.
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This open access book examines how and why various forms of climate (im)mobilities can impact people's objective and subjective well-being. Worsening climate impacts are forcing subsistence farmers worldwide to decide between staying or leaving their homes. This mixed methods study analyzes cases of climate-related migration, displacement, relocation, and immobility in Peru's coastal, highland, and rainforest regions. The results reveal that numerous farmers experienced profound and often negative well-being impacts, regardless of whether they stayed or migrated. The higher the structural constraints, such as weak governance, and the more damaging the climate impacts were, the higher the risk of well-being declines. Additionally, the affected individuals often had limited agency and ability to mitigate losses. These findings challenge the notion of "migration as adaptation" and emphasize the importance of safeguarding the human rights and security of those affected while addressing loss and damage. Without significant investments in such efforts, climate impacts could sharply diminish the well-being of numerous subsistence farmers worldwide—irrespective of whether they stay or migrate. About the author Jonas Bergmann, an expert in climate (im)mobilities, has worked with organizations such as KNOMAD, the World Bank, and the OECD. He conducted the study for this book at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), where he continues to serve as a guest researcher.
Bioclimatology. --- Human ecology --- Climate Change Ecology. --- Environmental Studies. --- Study and teaching.
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This book provides information about plant–environment studies and challenges for plant improvement to achieve food security. Plants face a wide range of environmental challenges, which are expected to become more intense as a result of global climate change. Plant–environment interactions play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. There are habitats throughout the world that present challenges to crop plants, such as through a lack of water and excessive, or toxic, salts in the soil. Soil properties represent a strong selection pressure for plant diversity and influence the structure of plant communities and participate to the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Plant communities selected by environment grow by modifying soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, with consequent effects on survival and growth of plants. The complexity of plant–environment interactions has recently been studied by developing a trait-based approach in which responses and effects of plants on environment were quantified and modeled. This fundamental research on plant–environment interaction in ecosystems is essential to transpose knowledges of functional ecology to environmental management. Plants have adapted to an incredible range of environment, and extensive researches on ecological and environmental plant physiology have provided mechanistic understanding of the survival, distribution, productivity, and abundance of plant species across the diverse climates of our planet. Ecophysiological techniques have greatly advanced our understanding of photosynthesis, respiration, plant water relations, and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, from instantaneous to evolutionary timescales. Ecophysiological studies also provide the basis for scaling plant physiological processes from the tissue to the canopy, ecosystem, region, and to a large extent, the entire globe. Given the above, the author proposes to bring forth a comprehensive book, “New Frontiers in Plant-Environment Interactions”, highlighting the various emerging techniques and applications that are currently being used in plant–environment interaction research and its future prospects. The author is sure that this book caters the need of all those who are working or have interest in the above topic.
Environmental management. --- Bioclimatology. --- Plant ecology. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Environmental Management. --- Climate Change Ecology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Environmental Monitoring.
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The monograph focuses on agricultural meteorology and climate change and its impacts on different crops. Comprising of chapters from experts, the book discusses and provides first-hand information to the long term shifts in weather patterns and temperature impacting soil, water and crops. Each chapter focuses in detail on the impact of plant- water – soil nexus and climate change on agriculture and food security. Covering the basic concepts about the temperature, pressure and humidity correlation with the increased demands of food, the book explores in detail the impact of adverse climatic conditions like drought, floods, increasing levels of carbon dioxide emissions and other simultaneous effects like soil fertility depletion on the cropping systems and overall crop productivity. The book touches the challenges of climate change, adaptive methods, mitigation strategies, with careful explanation of governance, plans and policies required to provide guidelines to stake holders so they can best prepare for the negative climate change impacts. While touching the agricultural challenges faced globally due to climate change, the book serves as a reference book for students, researchers and policy makers, involved in horticulture, agriculture and environmental sciences and climate change.
Agriculture. --- Bioclimatology. --- Climatology. --- Human ecology --- Climate Change Ecology. --- Climate Sciences. --- Environmental Studies. --- Study and teaching.
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This book discusses the challenges related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. It adds valuable strategies and insights into the development of new practices solving the identified social and economic problems related to ecosystem deterioration and anticipating other disasters related to climate change. As the decarbonization of cities and communities became an issue of great interest to many researchers, the book in hand is of great importance to decision-makers and energy stakeholders and others seeking a more resilient and sustainable future and developing innovative technologies to overcome environmental deterioration. This book is a culmination of selected research papers from the first version of the international conference on ‘Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability’ which was held in 2022 in collaboration with Chongqing University, China.
Climatology. --- Sustainability. --- Bioclimatology. --- Environmental management. --- Climate Sciences. --- Climate Change Ecology. --- Environmental Management.
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This open access book prepared by a joint working group committed to critical research on dryland social-ecological systems (SESs) presents a timely synthesis of up-to-date knowledge in various thematic fields relevant to dryland SESs. It aims to organize key salient concepts and establish a conceptual framework relevant to the interdisciplinary and cross-cultural understanding of dryland SESs, which have specific contexts and a geographically representative structure. Through synthesizing research across the world and analyzing scientific evidence for good practices, it has the potential to promote collaboration among global researchers as well as communication with policy makers, managers, and practitioners for dryland ecosystem management to promote sustainability. It calls for synergies between different sectors and countries to achieve Sustainable Development Goals in drylands. .
Physical geography. --- Sustainability. --- Bioclimatology. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Physical Geography. --- Climate Change Ecology. --- Earth System Sciences.
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