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This paper is part of additional efforts supported by the World Bank Global Tobacco Control Program to inform the Government of Vietnam on options for tobacco taxation by providing estimates of the impact of cigarette price increase across five income groups for the period 2020-2022 under two scenarios. Vietnam is an important country for global tobacco control, and currently has about 15 million males who smoke. to support government efforts to strengthen tobacco controlpolicies, most notably through a substantial increase in the excise tax of tobacco, weconducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis to examine the distributional impactof a 32 percent and a 62 percent increase in cigarette prices under Scenario A and Scenario B,respectively. In conclusion, we found that higher cigarette prices would particularly benefit the poorest income quintile of the population, in terms of deaths averted, life-years saved, out of pocket expenditures for treating tobacco-attributable diseases, catastrophic health expenditures, and extreme poverty averted. The additional tax burden is, however, borne mostly by the top income group in the 62 percent price increase scenario. Thus, tobacco taxes are an effective way to improve health and reduce poverty in Vietnam.

Cigarettes.

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Nationally representative studies consistently report significant gender and racial differences in youth smoking rates, although little research has been done to explain why. In this paper we examine one possible source for this variation: differences in youth responsiveness to changes in price or tobacco control policies. Using data from the 1992-1994 Monitoring the Future surveys, we find that young men are much more responsive to changes in the price of cigarettes than young women. The participation elasticity for men is almost twice as large as that for women. Further, we find that smoking rates of young black men are significantly more responsive to changes in price than young white men. In addition, we find significant differences in responsiveness to particular tobacco control policies. Smoking rates among white youths are responsive to anti-tobacco activities and clean indoor air restrictions, while smoking rates among black youths are significantly influenced by smoker protection laws and restrictions on youth access.

Cigarettes --- Taxation.

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Electronic cigarettes --- Cigarettes --- Tobacco products --- Tobacco --- Taxation

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This book provides standardized operating procedures (SOP 11) developed by the WHO TobLabNet for determining the levels of nicotine, glycerol, and propylene glycol in e-liquids used in electronic cigarettes. It aims to establish consistent methods for measuring these substances to ensure comparable results globally. The text outlines the analytical approach for quantifying these components, reflecting efforts to regulate and control e-liquid content, particularly nicotine, due to its potential implications on health and tobacco cessation. It is intended for laboratories and organizations involved in tobacco control and regulatory efforts.

Electronic cigarettes. --- Nicotine. --- Electronic cigarettes --- Nicotine

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Vaping is the act of smoking an e-cigarette or a similar device. These devices don't produce smoke, but they're still dangerous. The vapor that e-cigarette users inhale and exhale includes fine particles with toxic chemicals. Many of these chemicals are carcinogens that are also linked to respiratory and heart disease. Many e-cigarettes use a liquid that contains nicotine. Other people use e-cigarettes to vape other drugs. Readers will learn the truth about vaping and how to address peer pressure to try it. Informative fact boxes provide readers with statistics regarding the dangers of this popular activity.

Vaping. --- Electronic cigarettes. --- Vaping --- Electronic cigarettes