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When describing the transition from Old Norse religion to Christianity in recent studies, the concept of "Christianization" is often applied. To a large extent this historiography focuses on the outcome of the encounter, namely the description of early Medieval Christianity and the new Christian society. The purpose of the present study is to concentrate more exclusively on the Old Norse religion during this period of change and to analyze the processes behind its disappearance on an official level of the society. More specifically this study concentrates on the role of Viking kings and indigenous agency in the winding up of the old religion. An actor-oriented perspective will thus be established, which focuses on the actions, methods and strategies applied by the early Christian Viking kings when dismantling the religious tradition that had previously formed their lives. In addition, the resistance that some pagan chieftains offered against these Christian kings is discussed as well as the question why they defended the old religious tradition.
RELIGION / Antiquities & Archaeology. --- Christianization. --- Old Norse religion. --- Viking kings. --- old order.
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A religious reformation occurred in the Roman Empire of the fourth and fifth centuries which scholars often call Christianization. Examining evidence relevant to Roman Africa of this period, this book sharpens understanding of this religious revolution. Focusing on the activities of Augustine and his colleagues from Augustine's ordination as a priest in 391, to the fall of the Emperor Honorius' master of soldiers, Stilicho, in 408, it proposes Catholicization as a term to more precisely characterize the process of change observed. Augustine and Catholic Christianization argues that at the end of the fourth and beginning of the fifth century Augustine emerged as the key manager in the campaign to Catholicize Roman Africa by virtue of a comprehensive strategy to persuade or suppress rivals, which notably included Donatists, Arians, Manichees, and various kinds of polytheism. Select sermons from 403 and 404 reveal that Augustine's rhetoric was multivalent. It addressed the populus and the elite, Christians and non-Christians, Catholics, and Donatists. Key sources examined are selected laws of the Theodosian Code, the Canons of the African Council of Catholic Bishops, Augustine's Dolbeau sermons (discovered in 1990), Contra Cresconium, as well as other sermons, letters, and treatises of Augustine. This book clarifies our perception of Augustine and Christianity in the socio-religious landscape of Late Roman Africa in at least three ways. First, it combines theological investigation of the sources and development of Augustine's ecclesiology with sociohistorical tracing of the process of Catholicization. Second, an account of the evolution of Augustine's self-understanding as a bishop is given along with the development of his strategy for Catholicization. Third, Augustine is identified as resembling modern political «spin-doctors» in that he was a brilliant spokesperson, but he did not work alone; he was a team player. In brief, Augustine influenced and was influenced by his fellow bishops within Catholic circles.
Augustine, --- History and criticism. --- Catholic Church --- Africa (Roman province) --- Church history. --- Africa --- Augustine --- Bishop --- Bray --- Canons --- Carthage --- Catholic --- Catholicization --- Christianization --- Councils --- Dolbeau --- Early Christiani --- Early Church --- Gerald --- Horace --- Late Antiquity --- Preaching --- Rhetoric --- Roman --- Roman Africa --- Roman Empire --- Sermons --- Spin-Doctor --- Theodosian Code
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A seminal figure in late antique Christianity and Christian orthodoxy, Saint Gregory of Nazianzus published a collection of more than 240 letters. Whereas these letters have often been cast aside as readers turn to his theological orations or autobiographical poetry for insight into his life, thought, and times, Self-Portrait in Three Colors focuses squarely on them, building a provocative case that the finalized collection constitutes not an epistolary archive but an autobiography in epistolary form-a single text composed to secure his status among provincial contemporaries and later generations. Shedding light on late-ancient letter writing, fourth-century Christian intelligentsia, Christianity and classical culture, and the Christianization of Roman society, these letters offer a fascinating and unique view of Gregory's life, engagement with literary culture, and leadership in the church. As a single unit, this autobiographical epistolary collection proved a powerful tool in Gregory's attempts to govern the contours of his authorial image as well as his provincial and ecclesiastical legacy.
Cappadocian Fathers --- Gregory, of Nazianzus, Saint --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Cappadocian Fathers. --- Gregory, --- autobiographical epistolary collection. --- autobiography in epistolary form. --- christianity and classical culture. --- christianity. --- christianization of roman society. --- engagement with literary culture. --- fascinating. --- fourth century christian intelligentsia. --- late ancient letter writing. --- leadership in church. --- saint gregory of nazianzus. --- seminal figure in late antique christianity. --- unique. --- view of gregorys life. --- Gregory, - of Nazianzus, Saint. - Correspondence. --- Gregory, - of Nazianzus, Saint
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Culte imperial romain --- Emperor worship [Roman ] --- Keizercultus [Romeinse ] --- Christianity and the arts --- Church and state --- Art and state --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Church history --- History --- Constantine --- Contributions in christianization of artistic representation of the Emperor --- Rome --- Antiquities --- 27 "03" --- -Christianity and the arts --- -Church and state --- -Excavations (Archaeology) --- -Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Christianity and state --- Separation of church and state --- State and church --- State, The --- Arts and Christianity --- Arts --- Art --- Politics and art --- State and art --- Art and society --- Cultural policy --- Education and state --- Kerkgeschiedenis--?"03" --- Government policy --- Constantine I, Emperor of Rome --- -Contributions in christianization of artistic representation of the Emperor --- Antiquities. --- -27 "03" --- -Kerkgeschiedenis--?"03" --- -Art and state --- Archaeological digs --- Apostolic Church --- Christianity --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Constantijn, --- Constantin, --- Constantin --- Constantine, --- Constantino --- Constantinus Flavius Valerius Aurelius, --- Constantinus --- Constantinus, --- Costantino --- Costantino, --- Flaviĭ Valeriĭ Avreliĭ Konstantin, --- Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus, --- Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, --- Flavius Valerius Constantinus, --- Konstantin, --- Konstantin --- Kōnstantinos, --- Kōnstantinos --- Konstantyn, --- Kostandianos --- Κωνσταντίνος, --- Флавий Валерий Аврелий Константин, --- Константин --- Константин, --- Flavije Valerije Konstantin --- Emperors --- Portraits --- Constantine I --- Constantine the Great, 306-337 --- 4th century --- Christianity and the arts - Rome --- Church and state - Rome - History --- Art and state - Rome - History --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Rome --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 --- Constantine - I, - Emperor of Rome, - d. 337 - Contributions in christianization of artistic representation of the Emperor --- Rome - History - Constantine I, the Great, 306-337 --- Rome - Antiquities --- Constantine - I, - Emperor of Rome, - d. 337
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The province of Baetica, in present-day Spain, was one of the most important areas in the Roman Empire in terms of politics, economics, and culture. And in the late medieval period, it was the centre of a rich and powerful state, the Umayyad Caliphate. But the historical sources on the intervening years are limited, and we lack an accurate understanding of the evolution of the region. In recent years, however, archaeological research has begun to fill the gaps, and this book-built on more than a decade of fieldwork-provides an unprecedented overview of urban and rural development in the period.
RELIGION / General. --- Andalusia (Spain) --- Andalucía (Spain) --- Andalousie (Spain) --- Andalusien (Spain) --- Autonomous Community of Andalusia (Spain) --- Communauté autonome d'Andalousie (Spain) --- Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (Spain) --- Baetica (Spain) --- Junta de Andalucía (Spain) --- Andalus (Spain) --- Bética --- Al-Andalus --- History. --- Church history. --- Christian antiquities --- Romans --- Ethnology --- Italic peoples --- Latini (Italic people) --- Antiquities, Christian --- Antiquities, Ecclesiastical --- Archaeology, Christian --- Christian archaeology --- Church antiquities --- Ecclesiastical antiquities --- Monumental theology --- Antiquities --- Byzantine antiquities --- Christianity --- Architecture, Early Christian --- Church architecture --- Antiquities. --- History --- Late Antique Baetica, Christianization, Archaeology, Andalucia, Hispania Baetica.
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This title discusses Adam of Bremen's perceptions and interpretation of the Christianization of Scandinavia in the Early Middle Ages. The views the chronicler presents in the Gesta Hammaburgensis constitute the central element of this analysis. By departing from the historiography - both the older view of the Gesta as trustworthy, and the recent view of the work as unreliable and biased - this book focuses instead on the Christianization of Scandinavia as an authorial concept. What follows is a reevaluation of the Gesta's significance both to its medieval audience and the modern historian.
Historiography --- Conversion --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Historical criticism --- History --- Authorship --- Christianity --- Criticism --- Vikings --- 27 <48> --- 948 <093> --- 936.8 --- 936.8 Geschiedenis van de Scandinaviërs, de Noormannen en de Vikings --- Geschiedenis van de Scandinaviërs, de Noormannen en de Vikings --- 948 <093> Geschiedenis van Scandinavië--Historische bronnen --- Geschiedenis van Scandinavië--Historische bronnen --- 27 <48> Histoire de l'Eglise--Skandinavië --- 27 <48> Kerkgeschiedenis--Skandinavië --- Histoire de l'Eglise--Skandinavië --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Skandinavië --- Northmen --- Religious life --- Adam, --- Adam --- Adam Bremenskiĭ, --- Adamo, --- Adamus Bremensis, --- Bremen, --- Historiography. --- Adam of Bremen. --- Christianization of Scandinavia. --- Gesta Hammaburgensis. --- conversion process. --- medieval Scandinavia. --- Religious life.
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Fieldwork extending over a thirty-year period provided materials for this book. Paths and Rivers offers an unusually deep and broad picture of the Sa’dan Toraja as a society in dynamic transition over the course of the past century. The Toraja inhabit the mountainous highlands of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and are well known for their dramatic architecture, their unusual cliff burials, and their flamboyant ceremonial life, which places extraordinary economic demands on individuals and families. The analysis is informed, firstly, by a comparative perspective which sets Toraja social structure in the context of the Austronesian world. Secondly, the author delves deeply into Toraja social memory to show how people think about the past. She examines the usefulness of history and myth in the present as a source of identity, a template for action, or a resource by means of which to claim precedence. The book gives a clear picture of the structure and ethos of the indigenous Toraja religion, the Aluk To Dolo or 'Way of the Ancestors', with its complex cycle of rituals. The book concludes with an analysis of the ceremonial economy, which draws upon both domestic subsistence production and the global market economy. Paths and Rivers draws together a fascinating picture of one society’s journey into modernity. Full text (Open Access)
Ethnology -- Indonesia -- Tana Toraja. --- Social evolution. --- Toraja (Indonesian people) -- Rites and ceremonies. --- Toraja (Indonesian people) -- Social life and customs. --- Toraja (Indonesian people) --- Ethnology --- Social evolution --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- East Asia --- Rites and ceremonies --- Social life and customs --- Rites and ceremonies. --- Social life and customs. --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Toradja (Indonesian people) --- Toradjas --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Ethnology. --- Indonesia --- geschiedenis --- indonesie --- christianization --- social anthropology --- modernization --- sociale structuur --- sociale antropologie --- history --- social structure --- indonesia --- sa'adan toraja --- rituals --- culturele identiteit --- sekse relatie --- mythology --- sulawesi tengah --- veldwerk --- mythologie --- cultural identity --- social change --- celebesie --- christendom --- celebesian --- religion --- sociale verandering --- gender relations --- modernisatie --- rituelen --- field work --- Buginese people --- Kinship --- Rice --- Tana Toraja Regency --- Tongkonan
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Nearly all recent examinations of Icelandic (and Scandinavian) folklore from the nineteenth century and earlier have concerned themselves with the origins and production of folktales rather than with the cultural implications of their content. This volume extends those discussions by offering an interdisciplinary methodology that weaves together the literature, religious and political history, and other cultural phenomena that have impacted folk narratives as evidence of the emergent cultural memory of a society undergoing the religious developments of Christianization and Reformation. Iceland's uncommon proclivity towards storytelling, its robust tradition of medieval manuscripts, and the "re-oralization" of those narratives after the medieval period, create a body of folktales and legends that have encoded a hidden account of how orthodox and heterodox beliefs (sometimes pagan in origin) intermingled as Christianity, and later Reformation, spread through the North. This volume unlocks that secret story by placing Icelandic folktales in a context of religious doctrine, social history, and Old Norse sagas and poetry. The analysis herein reveals a cultural memory of belief.
Tradition. --- Kollektives Gedächtnis. --- Island. --- Aisland --- Aisland ka Fasojamana --- Aisurando --- Cynewīse Īslandes --- Eisland --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad yr Iâ --- Gwlad yr Iâ --- Ísland --- Islanda --- Islande --- Islandi --- Islandia --- Islandii︠a︡ --- İslandiya --- Islandska --- Islandya --- Islandyi︠a︡ --- Islėnd --- Iylanda --- Lýðveldið Ísland --- Peng-tē --- Peng-tē Kiōng-hô-kok --- Republic of Iceland --- Rèpublica d'Islande --- Republica Islanda --- Republiek van Ysland --- Republik Island --- Republika Islandii︠a︡ --- Rėspublika Islandyi︠a︡ --- Tin Bikéyah --- Tin Kéyah --- Ysland --- Рэспубліка Ісландыя --- Република Исландия --- Исланд --- Исланди --- Исландия --- Ислэнд --- Ісландыя --- アイスランド --- Icelandic Reformation. --- Icelandic folktales. --- Old Norse Christianization. --- Scandinavian folklore. --- cultural memory. --- Folklore --- Tales --- Reformation --- Christianity --- History. --- History and criticism. --- Folklore. --- Iceland --- Social life and customs. --- Religions --- Church history --- Protestant Reformation --- Counter-Reformation --- Protestantism --- Folk tales --- Folktales --- Folk literature --- Folk beliefs --- Folk-lore --- Traditions --- Ethnology --- Manners and customs --- Material culture --- Mythology --- Oral tradition --- Storytelling --- History
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Christian church history --- Russian Federation --- Millennium of Christianity in Kievan Rus, 988-1988 --- Russie, --- Histoire --- --Église orthodoxe --- --Congresses. --- -Millennium of the Baptism of Rusʹ, 988-1988 --- Millennium of the Christianization of Rusʹ-Ukraine, 988-1988 --- Millennium of Christianity in Rusʹ, 988-1988 --- Christianity --- Congresses --- Russkaia pravoslavnaia tserkov' --- -Orthodox Eastern Church --- -Eastern Orthodox Church --- Pravoslavnai︠a︡ vostochnai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church --- Holy Orthodox Eastern Catholic and Apostolic Church --- Greek Church --- Orthodoxos Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Orthodoxos Katholikē kai Anatolikē Ekklēsia --- Kanīsah al-Sharqīyah --- Tung cheng chiao --- Kanīsat al-Masīḥ al-Sharqīyah al-Urthudhuksīyah --- Biserica Ortodoxă --- .كنيسة الشرقية الارثوذكسية --- History --- -Congresses --- Kievan Rus --- -Church history --- Congresses. --- -History --- Russia --- Millennium of the Baptism of Rusʹ, 988-1988 --- Orthodox Eastern Church --- Russkai︠a︡ pravoslavnai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa ortodossa russa --- Chiesa russa --- Eglise russe --- Orthodox Eastern Church (Russian) --- Rosiĭsʹka pravoslavna t︠s︡erkva --- RPT︠S︡ --- Russian Church --- Russian Orthodox Church --- Russian Orthodox Eastern Church --- Russisch-Orthodoxe Kirche --- Russische Orthodoxe Kirche --- Русская православная церковь --- РПЦ --- Російська православна церква --- Древняя Русь --- Drevni︠a︡i︠a︡ Rusʹ (Medieval state) --- Киевская Русь --- Kievskai︠a︡ Rusʹ (Medieval state) --- Ruce --- Русь --- Rusʹ --- Kyïvsʹka Rusʹ --- Kieŭskai︠a︡ Rusʹ --- Kiev (Medieval state) --- Rus' Kieviana --- Church history --- Київська Русь --- Soviet Union --- Kyivan Rusʹ --- Millennium of Christianity in Kievan Rus, 988-1988 - Congresses. --- Église orthodoxe --- Russie, -1922 --- Drevni︠a︡i︠a︡ Rusʹ --- Kievskai︠a︡ Rusʹ
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La christianisation du monde antique est un thème central d'un point de vue historique (c'est un des rares événements dont les conséquences ont été essentielles pour l'histoire mondiale), d'un point de vue historiographique (c'est un des grands sujets d'étude de la fin de l'Antiquité gréco-romaine avec la disparition de l'Empire d'Occident et la fin du système civique classique), mais aussi d'un point de vue méthodologique. En effet, on croit couramment que la christianisation du monde antique fut une réalité qu'il suffirait de décrire, alors qu'il s'agit en fait de la penser, car elle est d'abord une représentation des historiens héritée de modèles antiques (Eusèbe de Césarée, Augustin d'Hippone) ou modernes (Voltaire, Marx, Freud). Pour pouvoir traiter « la christianisation du monde antique » comme sujet historique, il faut donc d'abord réfléchir sur une question d'historiens : « le problème de la christianisation du monde antique ». Pour cela, il faut faire un peu d'histoire moderne et contemporaine, analyser l'apparition et le sens du terme de christianisation, et faire le bilan de l'historiographie de la question. Ensuite, on peut tenter de penser « la christianisation du monde antique » de quatre manières : par l'analyse philologique des termes désignant la conversion en grec, latin et syriaque ; par l'étude des sources littéraires chrétiennes à propos des chrétiens, afin de mettre en évidence les représentations antiques du problème de la définition du chrétien; par le recours aux sources non littéraires (épigraphie, papyrologie, archéologie funéraire, archéologie monumentale, iconographie) afin de contourner la question des représentations liées aux textes antiques ; par l'enquête sur les sources littéraires chrétiennes à propos de la conversion des païens, qui permet de déconstruire des textes qui créaient une réalité autant qu'ils la décrivaient. Ainsi, en questionnant les évidences qui structurent nos pensées sur le passé, on peut espérer les distancier afin de mieux comprendre comment le monde antique est devenu chrétien.
Conversion --- Evangelistic work --- Church history --- Evangelisation --- Eglise --- Christianity --- History of doctrines --- History --- Christianisme --- Histoire des doctrines --- Histoire --- Ancient religious history --- Christianization --- 266 --- Missies. Evangelisatie. Zending --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Évangélisation --- --Antiquité --- --Historiographie --- --Congrès --- --Christianity --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 - Congresses --- Conversion - Christianity - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Antiquité --- Historiographie --- Congrès --- Christianisation --- Christianisme antique --- Classical languages - Translating --- Classical literature - Translations - History and criticism --- Translating and interpreting - History - To 1500 --- Languages in contact - Greece --- Languages in contact - Rome --- Transmission of texts - Greece --- Transmission of texts - Rome --- Languages in contact --- Transmission of texts --- Classical literature --- Langues en contact --- Transmission de textes --- Littérature ancienne --- Translating. --- Traduction --- Classical languages --- Translating and interpreting --- Interpretation and translation --- Interpreting and translating --- Language and languages --- Literature --- Translation and interpretation --- Translators --- Areal linguistics --- Dead languages --- Languages, Classical --- Literature, Classical --- Literature, Ancient --- Greek literature --- Latin literature --- Translating --- Translations --- History and criticism --- Antike. --- Übersetzung. --- History and criticism. --- Greco-Roman linguistic studies. --- Littérature antique --- Bilinguisme --- Traduction et interprétation --- Traductions --- Histoire et critique --- Antiquité --- Critique textuelle --- Evangélisation
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