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Hydroponic system could be one of the technical solutions to ensure food security in face of urbanization and agricultural land pollution. By using organic fertilizers, hydroponic system is more ecological and in this case is called bioponic. The present work focuses on the use of compost tea and chicken manure as fertilizers for bioponic system in the city of Antananarivo. An initial production of oxygenated tea based on municipal waste compost and a mixture with 25% chicken manure showed that three days is the optimal brewing time. Then, a second production trial of both types of tea compared three different concentrations of fresh matter (10%, 20% and 40%) to identify the optimal brewing concentration. From this trial, it was found that the 40% fresh matter concentration allows to get a nutrient solution with 1500µS/cm EC which is suitable for lettuce cultivation.
By comparing the two teas (compost alone and the mixed with 25% chicken manure) having 20% fresh matter concentration with an inorganic control solution (1g/L soluble fertilizer) to grow lettuce in floating RAFT hydroponic system with clinker substrates, results indicated that all plants died 36 days after transplanting. In this trial, EC exceeded 2000µS/cm because the pH was not adjusted to 6.5 and half of nutrient solution was renewed on the 18th day, which increased mineralization of organic molecules.
A second lettuce production trial demonstrates the benefit of adjusting the pH of nutrient solutions to 6.5 every other day. All plants developed during this trial. Thirty days after transplanting, Compost tea mixed with chicken manure and with a concentration of 40% MF (SC-3) yielded the greatest aboveground wet mass with aboveground fresh weight of 92 ± 3.90g against 61 ± 4.36g for SB-3 (compost tea alone with 40% MF) and 60 ± 3.85 g for SA-3 ( 4 g/l inorganic nutrient solution).
In the two lettuce culture trials conducted, it was found that the lettuce growth rate on compost tea (SB) and the mixed with chicken manure (SC) was higher than of the inorganic nutrient solution (SA). This is probably explained by the presence of phyto-hormone in the organic matter of teas. However, the maximum yield obtained by compost tea with chicken manure (SC-3) does not yet exceed that of fieldgrown crops according to the survey of six farmers. An economic analysis showed that the bioponic system using compost tea mixed with chicken manure offers higher economic profit than a field-grown crop whose production is more expensive. La culture hydroponique pourrait être l'une des solutions techniques pour assurer une sécurité
alimentaire face aux enjeux de l’urbanisation et les pollutions que subissent les terres agricoles. En utilisant de l’engrais organique, le système de culture hydroponique est plus écologique, et dans ce cas il est appelé bioponie. Le présent travail se focalise sur l’étude de l’emploi du thé de compost et de fientes de poules comme fertilisants pour la bioponie dans la ville d’Antananarivo. Une première production de thé oxygéné à base de compost de déchets municipaux et un mélangé avec 25 % de fientes de poules a démontré que trois jours est la durée optimale d’infusion. Ensuite, un deuxième essai de production des deux types de thé a comparé trois concentrations différentes de matière fraiche (10%, 20% et 40%) afin de déterminer le dosage d’infusion optimale. Il ressort de cet essai que le dosage de 40% en matière fraiche permet d’atteindre une solution nutritive à 1500 µS/cm d’EC favorable à la culture de laitue.
En ayant comparé les deux thés (compost seul et celui mélangé avec 25% de fientes de poules ) de concentration de 20% en matière fraiche avec une solution témoin d’engrais soluble 1g/L pour cultiver de laitues sur un système hydroponique RAFT avec substrat mâchefer, il ressort que toutes les plantes sont fanées au bout de 36 jours. Au cours de cet essai, le non-ajustement du pH à 6,5 et le renouvellement de la moitié de la solution nutritive au 18ème jour ont empiré l’augmentation de l’EC jusqu’ à dépasser les 2000µS/cm.
Un deuxième essai de production de laitues démontre l’avantage de l’ajustement de pH des solutions nutritives à 6,5 tous les deux jours. Les plantes ont toutes accompli leur développement au cours de cet essai. C’est le thé de compost mixé aux fientes de poules et à concentration 40% de MF (SC-3) qui a obtenu le rendement le plus élevé après 30 jours de transplantation, avec une moyenne de masse foliaire fraiche de 92 ±3,90 g contre 61 ±4,36 g pour SB-3 ( thé de compost seul à 40% de MF) et 60 ±3,85g pour SA-3 (solution nutritive inorganique 4g/l).
Les deux essais de culture de laitues effectués ont aussi permis de constater que la vitesse de croissance des laitues cultivées sur le thé de compost (SB) et le mix avec fientes de poules (SC) est supérieure à celle issue de la solution nutritive inorganique (SA). Cela est probablement expliqué par la présence de phyto-hormone dans la matière organique des thés. Toutefois, le rendement maximum obtenu par le thé de compost mixé aux fientes de poules (SC-3) ne dépasse pas encore celui de la culture sur terre selon les résultats d’enquête auprès de 6 maraichers. Après une analyse économique, il s’avère que le système de culture bioponique utilisant le thé de compost mixé aux fientes de poules offre une rentabilité économique plus élevée qu’ une culture sur terre dont les charges de production sont effectivement plus
chères.

bioponic, compost tea, chicken manure, lettuce --- bioponie, thé de compost, fientes de poules, laitue --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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Carbon-based materials, such as chars, activated carbons, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, and two-dimensional graphene nanosheets, have shown great potential for a wide variety of applications. These materials can be synthesized from any precursor with a high proportion of carbon in its composition. Although fossil fuels have been extensively used as precursors, their unstable cost and supply have led to the synthesis of carbon materials from biomass. Biomass covers all forms of organic materials, including plants both living and in waste form and animal waste products. It appears to be a renewable resource because it yields value-added products prepared using environmentally friendly processes. The applications of these biomass-derived carbon materials include electronic, electromagnetic, electrochemical, environmental and biomedical applications. Thus, novel carbon materials from biomass are a subject of intense research, with strong relevance to both science and technology. The main aim of this reprint is to present the most relevant and recent insights in the field of the synthesis of biomass-derived carbons for sustainable applications, including adsorption, catalysis and/or energy storage applications.

bio-fuel --- aspen plus --- hydrogenation --- simulation --- economic analysis --- biochar --- pyrolysis --- environmental conservation --- soil ameliorant --- biochar preparation --- soil pollution --- remediation --- one-step method --- carbonized sulfonation --- response surface method --- Salix carboniferous solid acid catalysts --- biodiesel --- artemisia selengensis --- microwave pyrolysis --- adsorbability --- blended biochar pellet --- modified Hyperbola --- nutrient release --- slow release fertilizer --- tropical rainfed condition --- crop productivity --- root-zone soil --- application depth --- Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby --- seed conditioning --- germination --- propagation mix --- vermicompost --- chicken manure compost --- lignocellulosic biomass --- adsorption --- carbonization --- adsorbent --- zinc --- regeneration --- greenhouse --- production --- seedlings --- grape seeds --- hydrothermal carbonization --- hydrochar --- activated carbon --- sulfamethoxazole --- biocarbon --- biomass --- foundry industry --- cupola furnace --- CO2 emission --- briquetting --- postcombustion CO2 capture --- biomass-based adsorbents --- cyclic breakthrough measurements --- selectivity CO2/N2 --- humid conditions --- hierarchical porosity --- steam activation --- phenol adsorption --- microplastics --- bark --- HTC --- sewage sludge --- methylene blue --- water remediation --- value-added product --- waste-to-products --- n/a

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Carbon-based materials, such as chars, activated carbons, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, and two-dimensional graphene nanosheets, have shown great potential for a wide variety of applications. These materials can be synthesized from any precursor with a high proportion of carbon in its composition. Although fossil fuels have been extensively used as precursors, their unstable cost and supply have led to the synthesis of carbon materials from biomass. Biomass covers all forms of organic materials, including plants both living and in waste form and animal waste products. It appears to be a renewable resource because it yields value-added products prepared using environmentally friendly processes. The applications of these biomass-derived carbon materials include electronic, electromagnetic, electrochemical, environmental and biomedical applications. Thus, novel carbon materials from biomass are a subject of intense research, with strong relevance to both science and technology. The main aim of this reprint is to present the most relevant and recent insights in the field of the synthesis of biomass-derived carbons for sustainable applications, including adsorption, catalysis and/or energy storage applications.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- bio-fuel --- aspen plus --- hydrogenation --- simulation --- economic analysis --- biochar --- pyrolysis --- environmental conservation --- soil ameliorant --- biochar preparation --- soil pollution --- remediation --- one-step method --- carbonized sulfonation --- response surface method --- Salix carboniferous solid acid catalysts --- biodiesel --- artemisia selengensis --- microwave pyrolysis --- adsorbability --- blended biochar pellet --- modified Hyperbola --- nutrient release --- slow release fertilizer --- tropical rainfed condition --- crop productivity --- root-zone soil --- application depth --- Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby --- seed conditioning --- germination --- propagation mix --- vermicompost --- chicken manure compost --- lignocellulosic biomass --- adsorption --- carbonization --- adsorbent --- zinc --- regeneration --- greenhouse --- production --- seedlings --- grape seeds --- hydrothermal carbonization --- hydrochar --- activated carbon --- sulfamethoxazole --- biocarbon --- biomass --- foundry industry --- cupola furnace --- CO2 emission --- briquetting --- postcombustion CO2 capture --- biomass-based adsorbents --- cyclic breakthrough measurements --- selectivity CO2/N2 --- humid conditions --- hierarchical porosity --- steam activation --- phenol adsorption --- microplastics --- bark --- HTC --- sewage sludge --- methylene blue --- water remediation --- value-added product --- waste-to-products

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Preface Several countries have recently realized that the present paradigm of development in environmental and energy fields is unsustainable. As global awareness of environmental issues grows, governments worldwide are promoting policies which aim to limit the harmful effects of human development on the environment. In particular, these novel policies seek to address the rapid increase of the global temperature (especially in the polar regions) as well as to manage human plastic waste accumulating in seas. To resolve these issues will require a number of actions to be implemented; unfortunately, the recent COP 24 Conference was unsuccessful in establishing a global agreement to achieve these actions. In order for the upcoming 2020 COP 26 Conference to be successful in creating such an agreement, the scientific community must support the policymakers’ efforts. Within this framework, it is necessary to show the efforts of countries worldwide as they try to negotiate an agreement to increase the energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, the research reports generated can provide quantitative measures of the necessary actions to be implemented in order to address sustainable and efficient energy use. Among other topics, the papers presented in this issue investigate innovations in novel efficient and environmentally friendly technologies mainly based on renewable energy sources. The study also highlights the different sectors involved in this task, such as energy conversion systems, urban areas, mobility, sustainability, water management, social aspects, etc. In this field, the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) conference provides the foremost forum for discussion on these topics. The 13th Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems Conference was held in Palermo, Italy in 2018. This Special Issue of Energies, precisely dedicated to 13th SDEWES Conference, features papers in three main topics: Energy policy and energy efficiency in urban areas, energy efficiency in industry, biomass and other miscellaneous energy systems.

Research & information: general --- sewage sludge --- torrefaction --- steam gasification --- tars --- water recycling --- wastewater treatment --- environmental and energy performance --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- crude oil refining --- high-efficiency cogeneration --- primary energy saving --- electricity from cogeneration --- paper industry --- GateCycle --- CO2 emissions avoided --- sinter --- porous media --- local thermal non-equilibrium --- exergy destruction minimization --- BP neural network --- genetic algorithm --- urban simulation --- photovoltaics --- heat pump --- co-generation --- heat demand analysis --- low-temperature district heating --- district cooling --- energy storage --- linear programming --- tropical climate --- integrated energy modelling --- energy system optimization --- temporal resolution --- energy planning --- variable renewable energy sources --- Discrete Element Model --- gas–solid flow --- heat transfer enhancement --- entransy dissipation --- numerical simulation --- optimization --- control strategy --- peak-shaving --- mCHP --- Stirling engine --- renewable energy --- energy consumption profile --- heavy truck traffic --- road transport --- liquefied natural gas (LNG) --- alternative fuels --- hydrogen --- hydrogen pipelines --- hydrogen transmission --- pipeline transmission --- pressure drop --- pinch analysis --- heat exchanger network (HEN) design --- plus-minus principle --- supply temperature --- disturbances --- maximum energy recovery --- bypass --- economic evaluation --- two-phase flow regime --- airlift pump --- void fraction --- image analysis --- efficiency optimization --- energy microgrids --- energy system integration --- smart building clusters --- hybrid renewable systems --- heat pumps --- district heating --- cogeneration --- natural gas --- natural gas regulation station --- turboexpander --- pressure regulator --- energy recovery --- energy conversion --- energy system analysis --- flue gas heat recovery --- exergy --- coefficient of performance --- thermoelectric generator --- organic rankine cycle --- district energy systems --- anaerobic digestion and composting --- circular economy --- energy return on investment --- hydrogen bioenergy --- food waste hierarchy --- biofuel --- CI engine --- combustion --- emission --- greenhouse gas --- jatropha biodiesel --- nanoparticle --- performance --- Covenant of Mayors --- indirect emission allocation --- local energy generation --- geoenergetics --- ground source heat pumps --- borehole heat exchangers --- thermal response test --- borehole thermal energy storage --- bioelectricity --- carbon capture --- negative emissions --- sugarcane --- biomass --- climate change --- wave energy converters --- Power Take Off --- EP4 --- latching --- wave flume --- floating --- moorings --- renewable electricity generation systems --- SDEWES 2018 --- chicken manure --- proximate and ultimate analysis --- energy potential --- sustainable smart city --- mathematical optimisation --- urban design --- bilevel modelling --- location theory --- traffic assignment --- infrastructure expansion --- building location --- sustainable development --- energy efficiency in industry

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Preface Several countries have recently realized that the present paradigm of development in environmental and energy fields is unsustainable. As global awareness of environmental issues grows, governments worldwide are promoting policies which aim to limit the harmful effects of human development on the environment. In particular, these novel policies seek to address the rapid increase of the global temperature (especially in the polar regions) as well as to manage human plastic waste accumulating in seas. To resolve these issues will require a number of actions to be implemented; unfortunately, the recent COP 24 Conference was unsuccessful in establishing a global agreement to achieve these actions. In order for the upcoming 2020 COP 26 Conference to be successful in creating such an agreement, the scientific community must support the policymakers’ efforts. Within this framework, it is necessary to show the efforts of countries worldwide as they try to negotiate an agreement to increase the energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, the research reports generated can provide quantitative measures of the necessary actions to be implemented in order to address sustainable and efficient energy use. Among other topics, the papers presented in this issue investigate innovations in novel efficient and environmentally friendly technologies mainly based on renewable energy sources. The study also highlights the different sectors involved in this task, such as energy conversion systems, urban areas, mobility, sustainability, water management, social aspects, etc. In this field, the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) conference provides the foremost forum for discussion on these topics. The 13th Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems Conference was held in Palermo, Italy in 2018. This Special Issue of Energies, precisely dedicated to 13th SDEWES Conference, features papers in three main topics: Energy policy and energy efficiency in urban areas, energy efficiency in industry, biomass and other miscellaneous energy systems.

Research & information: general --- sewage sludge --- torrefaction --- steam gasification --- tars --- water recycling --- wastewater treatment --- environmental and energy performance --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- crude oil refining --- high-efficiency cogeneration --- primary energy saving --- electricity from cogeneration --- paper industry --- GateCycle --- CO2 emissions avoided --- sinter --- porous media --- local thermal non-equilibrium --- exergy destruction minimization --- BP neural network --- genetic algorithm --- urban simulation --- photovoltaics --- heat pump --- co-generation --- heat demand analysis --- low-temperature district heating --- district cooling --- energy storage --- linear programming --- tropical climate --- integrated energy modelling --- energy system optimization --- temporal resolution --- energy planning --- variable renewable energy sources --- Discrete Element Model --- gas–solid flow --- heat transfer enhancement --- entransy dissipation --- numerical simulation --- optimization --- control strategy --- peak-shaving --- mCHP --- Stirling engine --- renewable energy --- energy consumption profile --- heavy truck traffic --- road transport --- liquefied natural gas (LNG) --- alternative fuels --- hydrogen --- hydrogen pipelines --- hydrogen transmission --- pipeline transmission --- pressure drop --- pinch analysis --- heat exchanger network (HEN) design --- plus-minus principle --- supply temperature --- disturbances --- maximum energy recovery --- bypass --- economic evaluation --- two-phase flow regime --- airlift pump --- void fraction --- image analysis --- efficiency optimization --- energy microgrids --- energy system integration --- smart building clusters --- hybrid renewable systems --- heat pumps --- district heating --- cogeneration --- natural gas --- natural gas regulation station --- turboexpander --- pressure regulator --- energy recovery --- energy conversion --- energy system analysis --- flue gas heat recovery --- exergy --- coefficient of performance --- thermoelectric generator --- organic rankine cycle --- district energy systems --- anaerobic digestion and composting --- circular economy --- energy return on investment --- hydrogen bioenergy --- food waste hierarchy --- biofuel --- CI engine --- combustion --- emission --- greenhouse gas --- jatropha biodiesel --- nanoparticle --- performance --- Covenant of Mayors --- indirect emission allocation --- local energy generation --- geoenergetics --- ground source heat pumps --- borehole heat exchangers --- thermal response test --- borehole thermal energy storage --- bioelectricity --- carbon capture --- negative emissions --- sugarcane --- biomass --- climate change --- wave energy converters --- Power Take Off --- EP4 --- latching --- wave flume --- floating --- moorings --- renewable electricity generation systems --- SDEWES 2018 --- chicken manure --- proximate and ultimate analysis --- energy potential --- sustainable smart city --- mathematical optimisation --- urban design --- bilevel modelling --- location theory --- traffic assignment --- infrastructure expansion --- building location --- sustainable development --- energy efficiency in industry