Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.  This volume describes and explains the educational method of Case-Based Clinical Reasoning (CBCR) used successfully in medical schools to prepare students to think like doctors before they enter the clinical arena and become engaged in patient care. Although this approach poses the paradoxical problem of a lack of clinical experience that is so essential for building proficiency in clinical reasoning, CBCR is built on the premise that solving clinical problems involves the ability to reason about disease processes. This requires knowledge of anatomy and the working and pathology of organ systems, as well as the ability to regard patient problems as patterns and compare them with instances of illness scripts of patients the clinician has seen in the past and stored in memory. CBCR stimulates the development of early, rudimentary illness scripts through elaboration and systematic discussion of the courses of action from the initial presentation of the patient to the final steps of clinical management. The book combines general backgrounds of clinical reasoning education and assessment with a detailed elaboration of the CBCR method for application in any medical curriculum, either as a mandatory or as an elective course. It consists of three parts: a general introduction to clinical reasoning education, application of the CBCR method, and cases that can used by educators to try out this method.

Education. --- Curriculums (Courses of study). --- Education --- Medical education. --- Medical Education. --- Curriculum Studies. --- Professional & Vocational Education. --- Curricula. --- Medical personnel --- Professional education --- Core curriculum --- Courses of study --- Curricula (Courses of study) --- Curriculums (Courses of study) --- Schools --- Study, Courses of --- Instructional systems --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Teaching --- Training --- Curricula --- Curriculum planning. --- Curriculum development --- Planning --- Design --- Education—Curricula. --- Professional education. --- Vocational education. --- Education, Vocational --- Vocational training --- Work experience --- Technical education --- Education, Professional --- Career education --- Education, Higher --- Education, Medical --- Clinical Decision-Making. --- Case-Control Studies. --- Curriculum. --- methods. --- Short-Term Courses --- Course, Short-Term --- Courses, Short-Term --- Short Term Courses --- Short-Term Course --- Case Control Studies --- Case-Compeer Studies --- Case-Referrent Studies --- Case-Base Studies --- Case-Comparison Studies --- Case-Referent Studies --- Matched Case-Control Studies --- Nested Case-Control Studies --- Case Base Studies --- Case Comparison Studies --- Case Control Study --- Case Referent Studies --- Case Referrent Studies --- Case-Comparison Study --- Case-Control Studies, Matched --- Case-Control Studies, Nested --- Case-Control Study --- Case-Control Study, Matched --- Case-Control Study, Nested --- Case-Referent Study --- Case-Referrent Study --- Matched Case Control Studies --- Matched Case-Control Study --- Nested Case Control Studies --- Nested Case-Control Study --- Studies, Case Control --- Studies, Case-Base --- Studies, Case-Comparison --- Studies, Case-Compeer --- Studies, Case-Control --- Studies, Case-Referent --- Studies, Case-Referrent --- Studies, Matched Case-Control --- Studies, Nested Case-Control --- Study, Case Control --- Study, Case-Comparison --- Study, Case-Control --- Study, Case-Referent --- Study, Case-Referrent --- Study, Matched Case-Control --- Study, Nested Case-Control --- Medical Decision-Making --- Clinical Decision Making --- Decision-Making, Clinical --- Decision-Making, Medical --- Medical Decision Making --- assessment of clinical reasoning --- diagnostic bias --- diagnostic errors --- dual process theory --- scripts --- medical problem-solving --- peer teaching --- problem-based learning --- semantic qualifiers

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue contributes original research and review articles on the role of new protein, molecular, and genetic markers used for the diagnosis and progression of civilization diseases, as well as biomarkers useful in the monitoring the effects of the implemented treatment.

Medicine --- pharmacogenomics --- NGS variants --- personalized medicine --- FSHR --- personalized drug therapy --- hedgehog-interacting protein --- impaired fasting glucose --- impaired glucose tolerance --- newly diagnosed diabetes --- normal glucose tolerance --- inflammatory bowel disease --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn’s disease --- extracellular matrix components --- hyaluronan --- inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) --- Crohn’s disease (CD) --- ulcerative colitis (UC) --- sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) --- hyaluronan (HA) --- soluble part of syndecan-1 (sCD138) --- microRNA --- cardiovascular disease --- diabetes --- mortality --- antiplatelet therapy --- platelet reactivity --- Let-7e --- miR-126 --- miR-223 --- miR-125a-3p --- CCL11 --- CCL24 --- CCL26 --- CCR3 --- CRC --- adiponectin --- adipokines --- rheumatology --- obesity --- overweight --- case control study --- rheumatoid arthritis --- TNF-α inhibitors --- bone turnover markers --- PINP --- PICP --- NTX-I --- CTX-I --- RANKL/OPG --- ovarian cancer --- interleukin 21 --- interleukin 22 --- lymphocytes --- macrophages --- dendritic cells --- innate lymphoid cells --- breast cancer --- extracellular matrix --- proteins --- tumorigenesis --- tumor microenvironment

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue contributes original research and review articles on the role of new protein, molecular, and genetic markers used for the diagnosis and progression of civilization diseases, as well as biomarkers useful in the monitoring the effects of the implemented treatment.

Medicine --- pharmacogenomics --- NGS variants --- personalized medicine --- FSHR --- personalized drug therapy --- hedgehog-interacting protein --- impaired fasting glucose --- impaired glucose tolerance --- newly diagnosed diabetes --- normal glucose tolerance --- inflammatory bowel disease --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn’s disease --- extracellular matrix components --- hyaluronan --- inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) --- Crohn’s disease (CD) --- ulcerative colitis (UC) --- sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) --- hyaluronan (HA) --- soluble part of syndecan-1 (sCD138) --- microRNA --- cardiovascular disease --- diabetes --- mortality --- antiplatelet therapy --- platelet reactivity --- Let-7e --- miR-126 --- miR-223 --- miR-125a-3p --- CCL11 --- CCL24 --- CCL26 --- CCR3 --- CRC --- adiponectin --- adipokines --- rheumatology --- obesity --- overweight --- case control study --- rheumatoid arthritis --- TNF-α inhibitors --- bone turnover markers --- PINP --- PICP --- NTX-I --- CTX-I --- RANKL/OPG --- ovarian cancer --- interleukin 21 --- interleukin 22 --- lymphocytes --- macrophages --- dendritic cells --- innate lymphoid cells --- breast cancer --- extracellular matrix --- proteins --- tumorigenesis --- tumor microenvironment

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Long-term exposure to environmental toxicants is estimated to account for 70–90% of the risks of acquiring chronic ailments. Presently, chronic kidney disease and infertility affect a significant proportion of the world population, while research data indicate that exposure to toxic metals may contribute to the looming statistics. Alarming evidence suggests that exposure to the heavy metal cadmium may affect every stage of life, and exposure in early life may determine susceptibility to certain diseases in adulthood. Prevention of these outcomes requires avoidance of further environmental contamination, minimization of exposure, and reduction of toxic metals in food crops to the lowest achievable levels.

Trace elements --- hair --- children --- hazardous waste incinerator --- Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) --- blood lead level --- boatyard --- childhood --- lead poisoning --- fishing community --- lead weights --- β2-microglobulin --- cadmium --- creatinine clearance --- glomerular filtration --- N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase --- nephron mass --- nephrotoxicity --- trace elements --- autopsy tissues --- temporal trends --- creatinine excretion --- glomerular filtration rate --- lead --- kidney --- endocytosis --- metallothionein --- flow cytometry --- proximal tubule epithelial cells --- OGTT --- minimal model --- glucose response mechanism --- genotoxicity --- aluminum chloride --- rats --- food --- farmer --- PTWI (provisional tolerable monthly intake) --- TWI (tolerable weekly intake) --- Monte Carlo simulation --- mercury --- obesogen --- lipid profiles --- hyperlipidemia --- elevated liver enzymes --- hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] --- mitochondrial fragmentation --- dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) --- mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I) --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- blood lead --- cellular immunity --- phagocytosis --- humoral munity --- immunosuppression --- insulin --- diabetes --- hyperglycemia --- hyperinsulinemia --- lipogenic --- β-cell toxicity --- stroke --- cerebrovascular accident --- heavy metal --- rare earth element --- case-control study --- mortality --- lifetime cadmium intake --- renal diseases --- urinary cadmium --- a follow-up study --- diet --- kidney function --- chronic kidney disease --- threshold limit --- tolerable intake level --- heavy metals --- birth weight --- preterm birth --- diet pattern --- Mediterranean diet --- pregnancy --- toxic metals --- reproduction --- testicular and ovarian structure --- n/a --- Constantí (Catalonia, Spain)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Next year (2018), we will be celebrating the 15th anniversary of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health—IJERPH (ISSN 1660-4601). Hence, we are currently organizing a Special Issue to commemorate this important milestone. Founded in 2004, IJERPH has experienced a tremendous growth in terms of the number and quality of scientific publications. With a 2016 impact factor of 2.101, IJERPH now ranks among the top international journals in the emerging field of environmental research and public health. As described on our website (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph), IJERPH is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on the publication of scientific and technical information on the impacts of natural phenomena and anthropogenic factors on the quality of our environment, the interrelationships between environmental health and the quality of life, as well as the socio-cultural, political, economic, and legal considerations related to environmental stewardship and public health. Its primary areas of research interests include: Gene-environment interactions Environmental genomics and proteomics Environmental toxicology, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis Environmental epidemiology and disease control Health risk assessment and management Ecotoxicology, and ecological risk assessment and management Natural resources damage assessment Environmental chemistry and computational modeling Environmental policy and management Environmental engineering and biotechnology Emerging issues in environmental health and diseases Environmental education and public health To help celebrate the 15th anniversary, you are kindly invited to submit original articles, critical reviews, research notes, and short communications on any of the above-listed topics. Please also encourage any of our colleagues who may be interested to submit manuscripts. We expect that this issue will attract considerable attention, as we prepare to celebrate the excellent scientific contributions and socio-economic impacts of IJERPH over the past 15 years.

Research & information: general --- transportation noise --- MTNR1B gene --- rs10830963 --- diabetes --- glycosylated hemoglobin --- circadian sleep-wake cycle --- gene-environment interactions --- adults --- cohort study --- metal mobility --- soil flushing --- soil reclamation --- agricultural soil --- EDDS deficiency --- child sexual abuse --- adolescents --- girls --- boys --- gender differences --- legal proceedings --- child-friendly justice --- prevention --- cervical Arabin pessary --- cerclage --- second trimester of pregnancy --- sepiolite --- adsorption --- potentially toxic elements --- modification --- regeneration --- Xiangjiang River --- air pollution --- neighborhood deprivation index --- preterm birth --- spatial approach --- participatory research --- second hand smoking --- communication media --- vulnerable populations --- migrants --- health care research --- quality assurance --- hospital management --- health inequities --- environmental vulnerability --- multi-criteria spatial analysis --- risk management tool --- hazardous substance --- road accidents --- online hate --- hate speech --- bystander --- perpetrator --- online disinhibition --- online discrimination --- cyber aggression --- Bothrops lanceolatus --- envenomation --- snakebite --- bacteria --- infection --- antibiotic susceptibility --- ADL --- disability --- health --- home --- usability --- parenting desire --- lesbian --- gay --- minority stress --- mediation --- demographic factor --- EQ-5D --- health-related quality of life --- depression --- family planning --- Bayesian --- spatial --- RDHS --- Rwanda --- suicide --- premature mortality --- young men --- Greenland --- Denmark --- head injury --- incidence --- national health insurance --- population-based study --- mortality --- traumatic brain injury --- polycystic ovary syndrome --- self-efficacy --- optimism --- acceptance of illness --- September 11 terrorist attacks --- pilot aircraft-assisted suicide --- copycat effect --- obesity --- endoscopy --- Helicobacter pylori --- BMI --- Saudi patients --- urban lake --- comprehensive nutrition status Index --- heavy metals --- health risk --- fuzzy comprehensive method --- physical fitness --- Mediterranean diet --- body composition --- dementia --- health services --- resource utilization --- dementia care --- informal care --- formal care --- cognitive disorder --- physical activity in pregnancy --- PPAQ --- quality of life --- WHOQoL-Bref --- pregnant women --- food availability --- eating away from home --- household food spending --- trace elements --- concentration --- microwave digester --- Wuhan --- soil contamination --- ecological risk --- tuberculosis --- screening for tuberculosis --- public health --- immigrants --- health impact assessments --- premature death --- equity impact --- health impact --- reduction of air pollution --- environmental inequalities --- spatial analysis --- small area --- AirQ --- traffic congestion --- activity-travel patterns --- real-time traffic data --- the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) --- the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) --- evaluation --- method --- policy --- strategy --- social --- trend --- winter tourism --- climate change --- snow abundance index --- meteorological suitability index --- copula function --- spatial suitability assessment --- oral surgery --- oral medicine --- leucoplakia --- hyperkeratosis --- laser --- electronic waste --- informal recycling --- PBDEs --- soil --- dust --- Nigeria --- aerobic capacity --- attrition --- change-of-direction speed --- deputy sheriff --- graduation --- high-intensity running --- police --- strength endurance --- tactical --- roadside exposure --- inflammation biomarker --- Nepal --- PM2.5 --- oily sludge --- incineration --- kinetic --- modeling --- differential/integral method --- engineering --- curriculum proposals --- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi --- global change --- grassland ecosystem --- stoichiometry --- phosphorus limitation --- unsafe behavior --- targeted intervention --- coal miners --- safety management --- bioaerosols --- influenza virus --- ferret animal model --- aerosol chamber --- dengue fever --- Aedes albopictus --- living environment --- logistic regression analysis --- China --- human capital --- multilevel linear regression --- self-rated mental health --- social capital --- groundwater --- iron and manganese removal --- biofilter --- food contamination --- gastrointestinal diseases --- morbidity --- deep neural networks --- evolutionary learning --- health literacy --- adolescent health --- Mexico --- health disparities --- motivation --- videogaming --- psychopathology --- adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) --- Hungarian representative adult sample --- opinion poll --- ACE Score Calculator --- influenza vaccination --- pneumonia --- population-based case-control study --- adolescent --- risk factors --- psychosocial --- socio-environmental --- behavior --- United States --- Latinos --- physical education --- social and emotional learning --- sport education model --- subjective well-being --- trait emotional intelligence --- social anxiety