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Aflatoxins

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Aflatoxins. --- Mycotoxins

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"Aflatoxins are a group of highly toxic mycotoxins, which naturally occur as fungal secondary metabolites, and can be detected in food and feed. "Aflatoxins: Biochemistry, Toxicology, Public Health, Policies and Modern Methods of Analysis" discusses general issues that occur by this mycotoxin contamination in foods and feeds. The book is divided into 9 chapters that summarize aflatoxins' biological effects on human health, methods for their determination, and strategies for risk mitigation and legislation. The first part covers the biochemical effects of aflatoxins on human and animal health, as well as techniques for biomonitoring. The chapters in the second part describe all the physicochemical and biological assays for aflatoxin determination and analysis. In addition, special attention is given also in the predictive modeling of Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxins production. Furthermore, a chapter is dedicated to the use of metabolomics in Aspergillus research. In the last part, the book goes on examining the regulatory provisions for aflatoxin contamination control. The book is intended to provide an update to scientists, industry professionals and the general public in the recent advances within the field of aflatoxins"--

Aflatoxins --- Toxicology.

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This book provides an evaluation of measures to reduce exposure to highly toxic and carcinogenic contaminants in staple diets in Africa as well as parts of Asia and Latin America. Many of the poorest people in these regions are exposed to the pervasive natural toxins, aflatoxins and fumonisins, on a daily basis by eating their staple diet of groundnuts, maize, and other cereals. Exposure to mycotoxins at these high levels substantially increases mortality and morbidity. Aflatoxins are a cause of human liver cancer, and fatalities from acute aflatoxin poisoning outbreaks occur in Africa and Asia. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts to review the health effects of aflatoxins and fumonisins and to evaluate intervention measures. The panel concluded that these mycotoxins not only are a cause of acute poisoning and cancer but also are a likely contributor to the high levels of stunting in children in affected populations. The Working Group also identified effective measures to reduce exposure in developing countries. The panel evaluated 15 interventions, considering the strength of the evidence as well as its completeness and its transferability at an individual, community, or national level. Four of the interventions were judged to be ready for implementation: improvement of dietary diversity; crop sorting; post-harvest measures, including improved storage; and, in Latin America for maize, optimized nixtamalization. These recommendations would be relevant for investment of public, nongovernmental organization, and private funds at the scale of the subsistence farmer, the smallholder, and through to a more advanced value chain.

Aflatoxins. --- Carcinogens.

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Aflatoxin contamination represents a serious threat to a healthy food supply. Resulting from mold on corn, peanuts, and other grains and grain products, aflatoxins are extremely toxic. Understanding the nature of fungi infection and the factors that favor aflatoxin formation is important to grain producers, dealers, and other professionals who control grain from the field to the site of consumption to prevent serious loss of large quantities of grain or grain products. Producers of poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs, and even pet food need to be aware of the threat of aflatoxin. Participants in the grain industry who grow, store, or process corn and other grains subject to potential infection by aflatoxin should be aware of the risks of fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination, and proper management strategies. The authors focus on the binding of aflatoxin in animal feeds by employing calcium smectite. Readers will be especially glad to know that aflatoxin can often be controlled with a natural mineral material to bind aflatoxin in animal feeds at a modest cost.--

Feeds --- Aflatoxins. --- Contamination.