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Sustained progress in reducing child mortality requires better care for children who are acutely illustrations This paper studies how health care subsidies and health workers providing information on symptoms affect the overuse and underuse of primary care, which depend not just on absolute levels of demand, but also on whether care is received when the child is actually sick. In a randomized controlled trial of 1,768 children in Mali, the study collected a unique panel of nine weeks of daily symptom and health care use data to study the impact of each policy on demand conditional on need for care, as defined by World Health Organization standards. Subsidies substantially increase care when it is medically indicated, while overuse remains rare. Health worker visits have no aggregate effect on demand, but they may help the youngest children take advantage of the subsidy.

Acute Healthcare --- Acute Illness --- Child Health --- Community Health Workers --- Early Child and Children's Health --- Health Economics and Finance --- Health Service Management and Delivery --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Healthcare Subsidy

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Sleep-related symptoms are common in the majority of psychiatric diagnostic categories. The overlap of sleep and psychiatric disorders have been demonstrated in numerous studies. The understanding of sleep and child psychiatry has progressively evolved in the last decade and newer insights have developed regarding the complex interaction between sleep and psychopathology. This collection of articles represents updates on sleep and psychiatric disorders with medical and neurological co-morbidities in children and adolescents.

screening --- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder --- medical education --- sleep disturbance --- narcolepsy --- mental health --- circadian disturbance --- schizophrenia --- teenagers --- psychosis --- sleep disorders in ASD --- pediatric sleep --- executive functions --- children --- autism spectrum disorder --- multidisciplinary --- adolescents --- traumatic brain injury --- sleep problems --- comorbidities in ASD --- anxiety --- adolescence --- pediatric intensive care unit --- adolescent --- attention deficit disorder --- Theory of Mind --- arousal --- social functioning --- sleep–wake disorders --- mechanical ventilation --- child psychiatry --- learning --- Acute illness --- non-pharmacologic management --- sedation --- sleep --- electroencephalography (EEG) --- delayed sleep phase --- anticipatory guidance --- behavior --- obstructive sleep apnea --- medications for sleep disorders in ASD --- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) --- cannabis --- autism --- insomnia --- interventions --- sleep disordered breathing --- emotional information processing cognition --- attention --- cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) --- depression --- post-traumatic stress --- melatonin --- psychiatric disorders