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Can meaningful representation emerge in an authoritarian setting? If so, how, when, and why? Making Autocracy Work identifies the trade-offs associated with representation in authoritarian environments and then tests the theory through a detailed inquiry into the dynamics of China's National People's Congress (NPC, the country's highest formal government institution). Rory Truex argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is engineering a system of 'representation within bounds' in the NPC, encouraging deputies to reflect the needs of their constituents, but only for non-sensitive issues. This allows the regime to address citizen grievances while avoiding incendiary political activism. Data on NPC deputy backgrounds and behaviors is used to explore the nature of representation and incentives in this constrained system. The book challenges existing conceptions of representation, authoritarianism, and the future of the Chinese state. Consultative institutions like the NPC are key to making autocracy work.

Authoritarianism --- Political science --- Authority --- China --- Politics and government. --- China. --- Quan guo ren min dai biao da hui (China) --- 全国人民代表大会 (China) --- China (People's Republic of China, 1949- ). --- Vsekitaĭskoe sobranie narodnykh predstaviteleĭ (China) --- All-China People's Congress --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo quan guo ren min dai biao da hui --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui --- 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会 --- National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China --- Nationaler Volkskongress (China) --- NPC --- N.P.C. --- VSNP --- Representative government and representation --- Politics and government

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Finnish-Swedish art historian Osvald Siren (1879--1966) was one of the pioneers of Chinese art scholarship in the West. This biography focuses on his four major voyages to East Asia: 1918, 1921--1923, 1929--1930, and 1935. This was a pivotal period in Chinese archaeology, art studies, and the formation of Western collections of Chinese art. Siren gained international renown as a scholar of Italian art, particularly with his books on Leonardo da Vinci and Giotto. Yet when he was almost forty years old, he became captivated by Chinese art (paintings of Lohans in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston) to such an extent that he decided to start his career anew -- in a way. He has left his mark in several fields in Chinese art study: architecture, sculpture, painting, and garden art. This study charts Siren's itineraries during his travels in Japan, Korea, and China. It introduces the various people in those countries as well as in Europe and North America who defined the field in its early stages and were influential as collectors and dealers. Since Siren was a theosophist, the book also explores the impact of theosophical ideas in his work.

Art, Chinese. --- Chinese art --- Siren, Osvald, --- Travel --- Sirén, Osvald, --- Aosiwu'erde Xirenlong, --- 奥斯伍尔德 ・喜仁龙, --- East Asia --- China. --- Description and travel. --- Rotchina --- Zhongguo --- Zhongguo-Diguo --- Kaiserreich Zhongguo --- Chung-kuo --- Zhonghua-minguo --- Chung-hua-min-kuo --- China --- Zhonghua-Renmin-Gongheguo --- Kaiserreich China --- PRC --- Shinkoku --- Chung-hua-jen-min-kung-ho-kuo --- Zhonghua --- Volksrepublik China --- VR China --- People's Republic of China --- Zhong guo --- Zhonghua renmin gongheguo --- République populaire de Chine --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Chine --- KNR --- Chinese People's Republic --- Kytajsʹkaja Narodnaja Respublika --- Chinese People’s Republic --- Republic of China --- Chung-hua min kuo --- 中华人民共和国 --- Chinesen --- Taiwan

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"Focuses on the rise of open-air painting in modern China beginning in the late 1910s, when the New Culture Movement prompted painters to embrace direct observation, linear perspective, and a conception of vision based on Cartesian optics, through the early 1960s. The new landscape practice brought with it unprecedented emphasis on perception and redefined artistic expertise"--

Landscape painting, Chinese --- Technique. --- Landscape painting, Chinese. --- ndscape painting, Chinese --- 1900-1999 --- China. --- China --- Rotchina --- Zhongguo --- Zhongguo-Diguo --- Kaiserreich Zhongguo --- Chung-kuo --- Zhonghua-minguo --- Chung-hua-min-kuo --- Zhonghua-Renmin-Gongheguo --- Kaiserreich China --- PRC --- Shinkoku --- Chung-hua-jen-min-kung-ho-kuo --- Zhonghua --- Volksrepublik China --- VR China --- People's Republic of China --- Zhong guo --- Zhonghua renmin gongheguo --- République populaire de Chine --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Chine --- KNR --- Chinese People's Republic --- Kytajsʹkaja Narodnaja Respublika --- Chinese People’s Republic --- Republic of China --- Chung-hua min kuo --- 中华人民共和国 --- Chinesen --- Taiwan

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Qarakhanid Roads to China reconsiders the diplomacy, trade and geography of transcontinental networks between Central Asia and China from the 10th to the 12th centuries and challenges the concept of "the Silk Road crisis" in the period between the fall of the Tang Dynasty and the rise of the Mongols. Utilizing a broad range of Islamic and Chinese primary sources together with archaeological data, Dilnoza Duturaeva demonstrates the complexity of interaction along the Silk Roads and beyond that, revolutionizes our understanding of the Qarakhanid world and Song-era China's relations with neighboring regions.

Civilization. --- Diplomatic relations. --- Liao Dynasty (China) --- Barbarism --- Civilisation --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Culture --- World Decade for Cultural Development, 1988-1997 --- Diplomacy. --- Silk Road --- China --- History. --- History --- International relations --- Liaodynastie --- Handel --- Diplomatie --- Ilekchane --- Geschichte 900-1211 --- Seidenstraße --- Außenpolitik --- Diplomat --- Diplomatische Beziehungen --- Warenhandel --- Wirtschaft --- Liao --- Kitandynastie --- Khitandynastie --- Kitaidynastie --- Qidandynastie --- Qidan --- 907-1125 --- Nord --- Iligchane --- Karachaniden --- Kara-Khanid --- Karakhanids --- Kara-Khanid Khanat --- Ilek Khanids --- Ilak-Khānīyān --- Qara Hanid --- Qarāḫān --- Qara Khaqan --- آل افراسیاب --- قراخان --- Handelsstraße --- Rotchina --- Zhongguo --- Zhongguo-Diguo --- Kaiserreich Zhongguo --- Chung-kuo --- Zhonghua-minguo --- Chung-hua-min-kuo --- Zhonghua-Renmin-Gongheguo --- Kaiserreich China --- PRC --- Shinkoku --- Chung-hua-jen-min-kung-ho-kuo --- Zhonghua --- Volksrepublik China --- VR China --- People's Republic of China --- Zhong guo --- Zhonghua renmin gongheguo --- République populaire de Chine --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Chine --- KNR --- Chinese People's Republic --- Kytajsʹkaja Narodnaja Respublika --- Chinese People’s Republic --- Republic of China --- Chung-hua min kuo --- 中华人民共和国 --- Chinesen --- Taiwan --- Asia, Central

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Engineering --- Engineering. --- China --- Construction --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻ --- Hong Kong --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu --- Civil Engineering