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This report analyses how migrant wages have evolved in 49 countries before the COVID-19 pandemic the difficulties faced by migrants in receiving the same pay as nationals. It examines gender discrimination and the difficulties migrants have in getting a job that corresponds to their level of education.

Migrant labor. --- Wage bargaining. --- E-books --- Migrant labor --- Wage bargaining

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Capitalist countries have historically had quite different labour market institutions and social policies. Do these differences produce sufficiently different economic outcomes to identify a single peak set of institutions? This paper shows that: 1. Labour market institutions have large effects on distribution, but modest hard-to-uncover effects on efficiency. 2. Institutional diversity is increasing among advanced countries, as measured by the percentage of workers covered by collective bargaining. 3. The case for the US having the institutions for peak economy status rests on its 1990s full employment experience, which arguably counterbalances its high level of economic inequality The historical pattern whereby some capitalist countries do better than others in some periods (ie Japan in the 1970s-1980s), then run into problems is more consonant with the view that capitalism permits national differences in institutions to persist than with the view that all economies must converge to a single institutional structure.

Wage bargaining. --- Capitalism. --- Income distribution. --- Labor market.

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Banks and banking, Central --- Institutional economics --- Labor unions --- Monetary policy --- Wage bargaining --- Economic and Monetary Union.

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All end-June performance criteria and indicative targets under the ECF arrangement were met, and all structural benchmarks were completed, albeit with minor delays. However, there was a nonobservance of the continuous performance criterion on the ceiling on new nonconcessional external debt in July with the issuance of the US$750 million Eurobond (exceeding the US$500 million program ceiling).

Corporate profits -- Cote d'Ivoire -- Econometric models. --- Labor costs -- Cote d'Ivoire -- Econometric models. --- Wage bargaining -- Cote d'Ivoire -- Econometric models. --- Cameroon

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The main focus of the “wage bargaining” literature has been on the factors promoting real wage flexibility at the macro level. This paper, in contrast, examines the microeconomic issues of wage bargaining. More specifically, this paper appraises the following questions: (a) what are the conditions under which a firm prefers decentralized to centralized bargaining?, (b) what are the characteristic features of firms which prefer decentralized to centralized bargaining?, and (c) has the proportion of firms which prefer decentralized bargaining increased over time? These questions are examined in an efficiency wage model with insider-outsider features. This paper provides useful theoretical insights for understanding the issues involved in shifting from centralized to decentralized wage bargaining.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy --- Labor Economics: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Wages --- Wage bargaining --- Real wages --- Wage adjustments --- Labor economics --- Sweden --- Income economics