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De Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) had haar werkterrein in Azië. De twaalf artikelen in deze bundel analyseren de relaties tussen de Compagnie en de machthebbers op die Aziatische werkvloer. Zij bestrijken het gehele Aziatische octrooigebied van de VOC van Perzië tot Japan. De auteurs, allen internationale autoriteiten, gaan in op de Compagniesrelaties met Aziatische hoven en andere machtscentra tussen 1620 en 1720. In die periode voegde de VOC zich via diplomatie, handel of geweld in de locale machtsstructuren. Dit perspectief resulteert in een verrassende bundel. De bijdragen variëren van belangrijke revisies van opvattingen over Aziatische vorsten/elites en over de destructieve invloed van de VOC tot een diplomatiek misverstand tussen ‘Batavia’ en het eerste Chinese gezantschap, van intelligence over de hofstructuur van Cochin tot close reading van een correspondentie tussen vorst van Ceylon en de VOC. De inleiding tekent gemeenschappelijke patronen: vorsten en VOC waren vaak ‘tot elkaar veroordeeld’ zonder dat de ene of andere partij evident de overhand had; daarbij onderhield een geschenkencultuur van ’exotica’ (paarden en olifanten) veelal de vriendschap. Deze bundel is aangeboden aan dr. Jurrien van Goor bij zijn universitaire afscheid als koloniaal historicus. Zij bevat dan ook een bio- en historiografische schets en de bibliografie van deze VOC-kenner.

commerce --- Kings and rulers --- trade relations

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Offering access to an extensive and resource-rich hinterland, eastern Sumatra was an important trading region between the Melaka Straits and the Minangkabau highlands of Sumatra prior to colonial rule. Traditionally under the control of Johor, the various communities in eastern Sumatra were united under the leadership of an adventurer named Raja Kecik in the early eighteenth century and formed an independent community along the Siak River. Over the next century Raja Kecik and his descendents attempted to gain control over the trade that flowed through the Straits, while keeping the numerous communities within their territories united by means of marriage alliances, warfare, raiding, trade, and myth. By the end of the eighteenth century the ‘multiple centres of authority’ that constituted Siak represented the dominant Malay community in the Straits of Melaka, only to fall into decline due to the rise of British trading communities in Singapore and Penang. This book, based on VOC (Dutch East Indies Company) archives and traditional Malay texts, examines the rise of a Malay state in the early modern era. It focuses on the ecological frontier of eastern Sumatra, with its multi-ethnic communities, and how they were able to transform themselves, in the words of an English visitor, into a summit of prosperity by the end of the eighteenth century. Particular emphasis is placed on the methods used by Siak leaders used unite the disparate communities in the region, and how this was viewed in other Malay communities.

History 1674-1827 --- Malays (Asian people) --- Socio --- Trade relations --- Ethnic identity --- History --- economic history --- Siak Sri Indrapura (Sultanate) --- Sumatra (Indonesia) --- History.

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The sheer size of mandated trade among members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), and its composition and quality, means that its reorientation toward other markets entails a whole complex of structural adjustment policies. To be successful, policy reform must be comprehensive, with clarity of purpose and predictability of action. Nevertheless, while gradualism should not be used as an excuse for delay, reforms must be harmonized with the timetable of requisite institutional change. In any case, reform must be accompanied by trade liberalization to help break down domestic monopolies and to gain the efficiencies from division of labor.

Commercial treaties --- Comparative advantage --- Exports and Imports --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade --- International economics --- International Trade Organizations --- International trade --- Neoclassical Models of Trade --- Trade Policy --- Trade relations --- Trade systems --- Russian Federation

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This book provides a detailed analysis of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the deepening relationship that ASEAN has with China. As an organization for regional cooperation among developing countries, ASEAN has drawn attention from the region and even the world, and is playing an increasingly important role in international affairs. As East Asian cooperation deepened in the 21st century, ASEAN countries not only raised the idea of building a community based on the pillars of an economic community, a political-security community, and a socio-cultural community, but also is

Southeast Asia --- China --- Foreign relations --- ASEAN. --- Association of Southeast Asian nations --- Asia, Southeast --- Asia, Southeastern --- South East Asia --- Southeastern Asia --- Foreign economic relations --- E-books --- Diplomatic relations. --- China. --- ASEAN-China Free Trade Area. --- Trade relations. --- Economic co-operation. --- Association of South East Asian Nations. --- International economic relations. --- Internationale Zusammenarbeit --- Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration --- ASEAN-Staaten --- Relations

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This paper assesses the extent to which Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)’s business cycle is synchronized with that of the rest of the world (RoW). Findings suggest that SSA’s business cycle has not only moved in the same direction as that of the RoW, but has also gradually drifted away from the G7 in favour of the BRICs. Trade with the BRICs turns out to be the strongest driver of this shift. Much of this impact unfolds through aggregate demand impulse from trade. As fiscal policy stances in SSA and the BRICs are not synchronized, they have not caused cyclical output correlation between these two groups of countries. Also, financial openness, which is at a very early stage across most SSA countries, has acted as a neutral force.

Agriculture --- Exports --- International trade --- Economic aspects --- South Africa --- Economic policy. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Trade: General --- Economic growth --- International economics --- Business cycles --- Trade balance --- Plurilateral trade --- Trade relations --- Balance of trade --- China, People's Republic of