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Monitoring oceans and coastal areas has a fundamental social impact, and this scenario is made still more challenging with the present and future issues related to climate change. In this context, radar systems have gained increasing interest, since they are remote sensing devices capable of providing information about sea waves, currents, tides, bathymetry, and wind. Moreover, radar systems can be designed to perform both large-scale and small-scale monitoring, with different spatial and temporal resolutions, and can be installed on different observation platforms (ship-based, ground-based, airborne, satellite or drones). In this regard, this book aims at engendering a virtual forum for ocean radar researchers, where state-of-the-art methodologies and applications concerning ocean monitoring by means of radar technologies are reviewed and discussed.

History of engineering & technology --- HF radar --- monitoring --- circulation --- Atlantic Jet --- flow reversal --- Gibraltar --- Alboran Sea --- X-band radar --- tidal variation --- modified temporal waterline method --- shoreline position --- intertidal foreshore slope --- wave run-up correction --- current velocity measurement --- high-frequency (HF) radar oceanography --- remote sensing --- quality control --- coastal surface currents --- soft computing --- radar --- sensitivity experiments --- numerical model --- artificial neural network --- inversion --- radar cross-section --- monostatic radar --- ocean wave directional spectrum --- TensorFlow --- wave directional spectra --- spatial wave fields --- ADCP --- wave buoy --- significant wave height --- marine radar --- sea state monitoring --- scum --- hypertrophic ecosystem --- Sentinel-1 --- Sentinel-2 --- Sentinel-3 --- cloudiness --- high-frequency ocean radar --- interference mitigation --- frequency band adaptation --- high frequency radar --- sea surface temperature --- surface currents --- south-west Australia --- synthetic aperture radar --- Doppler anomaly --- sea surface currents --- Gulf of Naples --- augmented observatory --- wave field --- radar Doppler altimeter --- orbital velocities --- waveforms --- swell --- radar altimeter --- sea surface current

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Ocean color measured by satellite-mounted optical sensors is an essential climate variable that is routinely used as a central element for assessing the health and productivity of marine ecosystems and the role of oceans in the global carbon cycle. For satellite ocean color to be reliable and used in these and other important environmental applications, the data must be trustworthy and high quality. Pre-flight and on-board calibration of satellite ocean color sensors is conducted; however, once in orbit, the data quality can only be fully assessed via independent calibration and validation activities using surface measurements. These measurements therefore need to be at least as high quality as the satellite data, which necessitates SI traceability and a full uncertainty budget. This is the basis for fiducial reference measurements (FRMs) and the FRM4SOC project, which was an European Space Agency (ESA) initiative to establish and maintain SI-traceable ground-based FRM for satellite ocean color, thus providing a fundamental contribution to the European system for monitoring the Earth (Copernicus). This Special Issue of MDPI Remote Sensing is designed to showcase this essential Earth observation work through the publication of the project’s main achievements and results accompanied by other select relevant articles.

VIIRS --- SNPP --- NOAA-20 --- DINEOF --- ocean color data --- data merging --- gap-filling --- ocean color radiometers --- radiometric calibration --- indoor intercomparison measurement --- agreement between sensors --- measurement uncertainty --- field intercomparison measurement --- Hyperspectral reflectance --- validation --- autonomous measurements --- ground-truth data --- system design --- downwelling irradiance --- satellite validation --- Fiducial Reference Measurements --- water reflectance --- satellite --- calibration --- solar diffusor --- SDSM --- desert trend --- lunar calibration --- RVS --- MODIS --- Aqua --- ocean color --- water-leaving radiance --- atmospheric correction --- Sentinel-3 OLCI --- Copernicus --- ocean colour --- system vicarious calibration --- fiducial reference measurement --- Lampedusa --- MOBY --- MarONet --- radiometry --- research infrastructure --- uncertainty budget --- satellite ocean colour --- fiducial reference measurements (FRM) --- calibration and validation --- SI traceability and uncertainty --- European Space Agency (ESA) --- Committee for Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) --- fiducial reference measurements --- SI-traceability --- Mediterranean Sea --- BOUSSOLE --- MSEA --- hyper-temporal dataset --- optical radiometry --- coastal environment --- observation geometry --- remote sensing reflectance --- ocean colour radiometers --- TriOS RAMSES --- Seabird HyperSAS --- field intercomparison --- AERONET-OC --- Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower --- remote sensing --- spectral irradiance comparison --- spectral radiance sources comparison

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The book highlights recent research efforts in the monitoring of aquatic districts with remote sensing observations and proximal sensing technology integrated with laboratory measurements. Optical satellite imagery gathered at spatial resolutions down to few meters has been used for quantitative estimations of harmful algal bloom extent and Chl-a mapping, as well as winds and currents from SAR acquisitions. The knowledge and understanding gained from this book can be used for the sustainable management of bodies of water across our planet.

polymer optical fibers --- ammonia detection --- optical fiber coating --- aquaculture --- French Alps --- optical remote sensing --- multitemporal --- linear spectral unmixing --- NDVI --- drought --- Rana temporaria --- ecohydrology --- mountain temporary pools --- Lake Tana --- water hyacinth --- waterbody temperature --- turbidity --- lake level --- Planetscope --- remote sensing --- sensors --- ocean color --- sediment --- turbid water --- chlorophyll --- geostationary satellite --- aquaculture ponds --- extraction --- inland lake --- self-attention --- Ulva --- Sentinel-2 --- satellite --- algal bloom --- coral reefs --- Pacific lagoons --- HAB --- multi-source remote sensing --- MODIS --- Landsat --- sentinel --- Chaohu Lake --- ecological status class of lakes --- European Union Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) --- water quality parameters --- water level --- Sentinel-3 --- Cryosat-2 --- shallow lakes --- synergy --- altimetry data --- optical data --- CDOM absorbance --- spectroscopic indices --- DOC --- Arctic --- shelf seas --- estuarial and coastal areas --- drone applications --- surface water --- groundwater --- photogrammetry --- optical sensing --- thermal infrared --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- chlorophyll-a --- hydrodynamic model --- empirical models --- multiple regression --- Paldang Reservoir --- SAR --- Doppler Centroid Anomaly --- inland waters --- physical limnology --- hydrodynamics

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Monitoring oceans and coastal areas has a fundamental social impact, and this scenario is made still more challenging with the present and future issues related to climate change. In this context, radar systems have gained increasing interest, since they are remote sensing devices capable of providing information about sea waves, currents, tides, bathymetry, and wind. Moreover, radar systems can be designed to perform both large-scale and small-scale monitoring, with different spatial and temporal resolutions, and can be installed on different observation platforms (ship-based, ground-based, airborne, satellite or drones). In this regard, this book aims at engendering a virtual forum for ocean radar researchers, where state-of-the-art methodologies and applications concerning ocean monitoring by means of radar technologies are reviewed and discussed.

History of engineering & technology --- HF radar --- monitoring --- circulation --- Atlantic Jet --- flow reversal --- Gibraltar --- Alboran Sea --- X-band radar --- tidal variation --- modified temporal waterline method --- shoreline position --- intertidal foreshore slope --- wave run-up correction --- current velocity measurement --- high-frequency (HF) radar oceanography --- remote sensing --- quality control --- coastal surface currents --- soft computing --- radar --- sensitivity experiments --- numerical model --- artificial neural network --- inversion --- radar cross-section --- monostatic radar --- ocean wave directional spectrum --- TensorFlow --- wave directional spectra --- spatial wave fields --- ADCP --- wave buoy --- significant wave height --- marine radar --- sea state monitoring --- scum --- hypertrophic ecosystem --- Sentinel-1 --- Sentinel-2 --- Sentinel-3 --- cloudiness --- high-frequency ocean radar --- interference mitigation --- frequency band adaptation --- high frequency radar --- sea surface temperature --- surface currents --- south-west Australia --- synthetic aperture radar --- Doppler anomaly --- sea surface currents --- Gulf of Naples --- augmented observatory --- wave field --- radar Doppler altimeter --- orbital velocities --- waveforms --- swell --- radar altimeter --- sea surface current

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The book highlights recent research efforts in the monitoring of aquatic districts with remote sensing observations and proximal sensing technology integrated with laboratory measurements. Optical satellite imagery gathered at spatial resolutions down to few meters has been used for quantitative estimations of harmful algal bloom extent and Chl-a mapping, as well as winds and currents from SAR acquisitions. The knowledge and understanding gained from this book can be used for the sustainable management of bodies of water across our planet.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- polymer optical fibers --- ammonia detection --- optical fiber coating --- aquaculture --- French Alps --- optical remote sensing --- multitemporal --- linear spectral unmixing --- NDVI --- drought --- Rana temporaria --- ecohydrology --- mountain temporary pools --- Lake Tana --- water hyacinth --- waterbody temperature --- turbidity --- lake level --- Planetscope --- remote sensing --- sensors --- ocean color --- sediment --- turbid water --- chlorophyll --- geostationary satellite --- aquaculture ponds --- extraction --- inland lake --- self-attention --- Ulva --- Sentinel-2 --- satellite --- algal bloom --- coral reefs --- Pacific lagoons --- HAB --- multi-source remote sensing --- MODIS --- Landsat --- sentinel --- Chaohu Lake --- ecological status class of lakes --- European Union Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) --- water quality parameters --- water level --- Sentinel-3 --- Cryosat-2 --- shallow lakes --- synergy --- altimetry data --- optical data --- CDOM absorbance --- spectroscopic indices --- DOC --- Arctic --- shelf seas --- estuarial and coastal areas --- drone applications --- surface water --- groundwater --- photogrammetry --- optical sensing --- thermal infrared --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- chlorophyll-a --- hydrodynamic model --- empirical models --- multiple regression --- Paldang Reservoir --- SAR --- Doppler Centroid Anomaly --- inland waters --- physical limnology --- hydrodynamics