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The Birth of a Great Power System, 1740-1815 examines a key development in modern European history: the origins and emergence of a competitive state system.H.M. Scott demonstrates how the well-known and dramatic events of these decades - the emergence of Russia and Prussia; the three partitions of Poland; the continuing retreat of the Ottoman Empire; the unprecedented territorial expansion of Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, halted by the final defeat of Napoleon - were part of a wider process that created the modern great power system, dominated by Europe's five leading states.Enhanced by

Great powers --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- World politics --- History --- Europe --- Politics and government

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War and emergency powers -- Great Britain -- Early works to 1800 --- Great Britain -- Militia -- Early works to 1800

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Grandes puissances --- Great powers --- Grote mogendheden --- Mogendheden [Grote ] --- Powers [Great] --- Puissances [Grandes] --- World politics --- 1989 --- -United States --- Foreign relations --- -Great powers

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The Japanese experience of war from the late-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century presents a stunning example of the meteoric rise and shattering fall of a great power. As Japan modernized and became the one non-European great power, its leaders concluded that an empire on the Asian mainland required the containment of Russia. Japan won the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-5) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) but became overextended in the Second Sino-Japanese War (1931-45), which escalated, with profound consequences, into World War II. A combination of incomplete institution building, an increasingly lethal international environment, a skewed balance between civil and military authority, and a misunderstanding of geopolitics explains these divergent outcomes. This analytical survey examines themes including the development of Japanese institutions, diversity of opinion within the government, domestic politics, Japanese foreign policy and China's anti-Japanese responses. It is an essential guide for those interested in history, politics and international relations.

Strategy --- Great powers --- Political culture --- Imperialism --- Culture --- Political science --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- World politics --- History. --- Japan --- History, Military --- Military policy. --- Foreign relations

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Although much has been written on international crises, the literature suffers from a lack of historical depth, and a proliferation of competing theoretical frameworks. Through case studies drawing on the rich historical experience of crisis diplomacy, James Richardson offers an integrated analysis based on a critical assessment of the main theoretical approaches. Due weight is given to systemic and structural factors, but also to the specific historical factors of each case, and to theories which do not presuppose rationality as well as those which do. Crisis diplomacy the major political choices made by decision makers, and their strategies, judgments and misjudgments - is found to play a crucial role in each of the case studies. This broad historical inquiry is especially timely when the ending of the Cold War has removed the settled parameters within which the superpowers conducted their crisis diplomacy.

International relations. Foreign policy --- World history --- anno 1800-1999 --- Grandes puissances --- Great powers --- Grote mogendheden --- Mogendheden [Grote ] --- Powers [Great] --- Puissances [Grandes] --- 820 Internationale Betrekkingen --- 823 Diplomatie --- 830 Economie --- 850 Vrede- en conflictstudies --- 852 Internationale conflicten --- 856.1 Conflictpreventie --- World politics --- 19th century --- 20th century --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Great powers.