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Crop loss due to pests is a major constraint to meeting food needs of the expected world population of ten billion by 2050. Integrated Pest Management offers an approach that is economically and socially acceptable, environmentally safe, and improves health standards. Its main thrust is to reduce the use of chemical pesticides by finding and introducing alternate technologies that include physical, cultural, and biological methods. This book identifies flaws in the definition, identification, implementation, and evaluation of IPM, and provides information on development of IPM components and packages that are adoptable in developing countries. It emphasizes the need for dissemination of information on IPM technologies and working with value chains and farmers from production to distribution. The chapter on viruses of vegetable crops covers several diseases diagnosed in recent years and their management options. Similarly, the chapter on Trichoderma, a beneficial fungus, provides both basic and applied information. IPM is crop, site, and season specific. The IPM packages described for crucifers, naranjilla, okra, onion and potato can be adopted by farmers with necessary adjustments. IPM is a dynamic process and requires modifications according to changes and needs. Chapters on IPM practices in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Uganda show how these packages have been modified and adapted to various vegetable crops. The economic benefits derived by adoption of IPM in developing countries are illustrated. This book provides essential information for researchers and extension staff of national governments and development specialists in value chain projects who participate in crop protection activities in developing countries.

Agriculture. --- Plant pathology. --- Entomology. --- Plant Pathology.

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PLANT PATHOLOGY --- LABORATORY MANUALS

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plant pathology --- History --- Phytopathologiste --- France

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plant pathology --- History --- Phytopathologiste --- France

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This open access book provides a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between fungi and grapevines, covering contemporary mycological classifications, pathogens, the mycobiome, endophytes, and mycorrhizae. Inspired by the French book "La Vigne, Maladies Fongiques" by the same authors, which won first prize at the 2015 OIV book competition (Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin, Dijon), this work aims to extend and update that foundational text. The introduction delves into the origins and adaptability of grapevines in response to evolving fungal diseases, alongside an overview of their biology, epidemiology, and control measures. The second chapter covers the systematics of the genus Vitis, the developmental stages of the vine, the anatomy of various organs, the history and breeding of resistant varieties, and the natural defense mechanisms of grapevines against fungal infections. A significant portion of the book provides the latest insights into mycology, including chapters on fungal systematics and taxonomy, as well as the concepts of holobiome, microbiome, and mycobiome in relation to grapevines. The third part focuses on fungal diseases affecting green organs, wood, and roots, illustrated at macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural levels, and includes discussions on disease cycles and epidemiology. Additionally, there is a chapter dedicated to grafting systems and the specificity of fungi in nurseries. The final chapter addresses the control of fungal diseases, from historical perspectives to modern chemical groups of active ingredients, natural fungicides, and comprehensive disease management strategies. This includes application techniques, calibration of spraying equipment, drift reduction, and proper storage and handling of fungicides. This open access book serves as a key reference on the complex interactions between fungi and grapevines for scientists, students, and winegrowers, offering extensive practical knowledge and a rich scientific background based on over thirteen years of research by the authors.

Plant diseases. --- Agriculture. --- Plant Pathology.