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Non-State Actors and International Obligations examines the contribution and relevance of non-state actors in the creation and implementation of international obligations. These actors have traditionally been marginalised within international law and ambiguities remain over their precise role. Nonetheless, they have become increasingly important in legal regimes as participants in their implementation and enforcement, and as potential holders of duties themselves. Chapters from academics and practitioners investigate different aspects of this relationship, including the sources of obligations, their implementation, human rights aspects, dispute settlement, responsibility and legal accountability.

Non-state actors (International relations) --- NGAs (International relations) --- Non-governmental actors (International relations) --- Nongovernmental actors (International relations) --- Non-state entities (International relations) --- Nonstate entities (International relations) --- Nonstate actors (International relations) --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- International relations

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Non-state actors (International relations) --- NGAs (International relations) --- Non-governmental actors (International relations) --- Nongovernmental actors (International relations) --- Non-state entities (International relations) --- Nonstate entities (International relations) --- Nonstate actors (International relations) --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- International relations

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Governments across the globe have begun evolving from lumbering bureaucracies into smaller, more agile special jurisdictions - common-interest developments, special economic zones, and proprietary cites. Private providers increasingly deliver services that political authorities formerly monopolized, inspiring greater competition and efficiency, to the satisfaction of citizens-qua-consumers. These trends suggest that new networks of special jurisdictions will soon surpass nation states in the same way that networked computers replaced mainframes. In this groundbreaking work, Tom W. Bell describes the quiet revolution transforming governments from the bottom up, inside-out, worldwide, and how it will fulfill its potential to bring more freedom, peace, and prosperity to people everywhere.

Nation state. --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- Globalization --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- NGAs (International relations) --- Non-governmental actors (International relations) --- Nongovernmental actors (International relations) --- Non-state entities (International relations) --- Nonstate entities (International relations) --- Nonstate actors (International relations) --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- National state --- State, The --- National interest --- Self-determination, National --- Political aspects. --- Nation-state.

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Barbarians are back. These small, highly mobile, and stateless groups are no longer confined to the pages of history; they are a contemporary reality in groups such as the Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and ISIL. Return of the Barbarians re-examines the threat of violent non-state actors throughout history, revealing key lessons that are applicable today. From the Roman Empire and its barbarian challenge on the Danube and Rhine, Russia and the steppes to the nineteenth-century Comanches, Jakub J. Grygiel shows how these groups have presented peculiar, long-term problems that could rarely be solved with a finite war or clearly demarcated diplomacy. To succeed and survive, states were often forced to alter their own internal structure, giving greater power and responsibility to the communities most directly affected by the barbarian menace. Understanding the barbarian challenge, and strategies employed to confront it, offers new insights into the contemporary security threats facing the Western world.

Non-state actors (International relations) --- Security, International --- Political violence --- Terrorism --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Collective security --- International security --- International relations --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- NGAs (International relations) --- Non-governmental actors (International relations) --- Nongovernmental actors (International relations) --- Non-state entities (International relations) --- Nonstate entities (International relations) --- Nonstate actors (International relations) --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- History.

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International relations scholarship and the popular media tend to portray China as a great power with hegemonic designs for Southeast Asia. Moreover, studies on Chinese influence in Southeast Asia predominantly focus on the Chinese state. This paper argues that Chinese non-state actors and their daily encounters with local communities in Southeast Asia deserve equal attention as these interactions evidently produce friction at both the society-to-state and state-to-state level. The influence of Chinese non-state actors in Southeast Asia can be illustrated with three examples, namely, Chinese tourism operations in Thailand, Chinese market demand and agricultural transformations in Myanmar, and Chinese gangs within the casino economy in Cambodia. Thailand has recently become a top tourist destination for Chinese nationals. This has cultural implications as those involved in the tourism industry need to have Chinese language skills. The economic implications include increased competition and decreased accountability as Chinese tour companies have set up in Thailand using Thai locals as nominees. Bilateral relations also soured after a boat carrying Chinese tourists capsized in Thailand. As global prices of corn rose in 2011 and 2012, areas in Myanmar close to the Chinese border have increased corn cultivation to meet Chinese demands for that crop. This has led to deforestation in these areas. Chinese gangsters fleeing their government's crackdown in China have settled down to operate in the casino economy in Cambodia. Consequentially, there has been a rise in crime rate involving online scams and deteriorating public security. Despite the Chinese government encouraging the Cambodian government to enforce a ban on online gambling, the actions of non-state actors from China continue to be associated with the Chinese state as a whole and there is rising resentment towards the Chinese in Cambodia. The COVID-19 pandemic has temporarily halted cross-border trade between China and mainland Southeast Asia. This has negatively affected local farmers who are dependent on the Chinese market.

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Regional Studies. --- Regional Studies. --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- China --- Southeast Asia --- Relations --- NGAs (International relations) --- Non-governmental actors (International relations) --- Nongovernmental actors (International relations) --- Non-state entities (International relations) --- Nonstate entities (International relations) --- Nonstate actors (International relations) --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- International relations