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The book largely reflect the structural diversity of echinoderm metabolites including triterpene glycosides and fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, as well as branched fatty acids, di- and triacylglycerols and other lipid classes from the sea cucumbers, polyhydroxysteroids from starfish and different classes of sphingolipids from sea cucumbers and starfish. Finally, the MS-based metabolomic approach, which is very helpful for the estimation of such diversity, is discussed. The materials from the Special Issue also illustrate the biomedical potential of the presented metabolites as cytotoxins and anticoagulants. The in silico approach broadens the possibilities to investigate the mechanisms of the action of membranolytic compounds.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- diacylglycerol ether --- 1-O-alkylglyceryl ether --- nutraceutical oils --- bêche-de-mer --- sea cucumber --- Bohadschia argus --- Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera --- fucosylated chondroitinsulfates --- fucan sulfates --- anticoagulant activity --- disulfated steroids --- NMR spectra --- starfish --- Pteraster marsippus --- cytotoxic activity --- 3D culture --- Psolus chitonoides --- triterpene glycosides --- chitonoidosides ---   triterpene glycosides --- membranolytic action --- hemolytic --- molecular dynamic simulation --- Thyonidium kurilensis --- kurilosides --- polyhydroxysteroids --- steroid glycosides --- lipids --- mass spectrometry --- metabolomics --- metabolomic profiling --- sphingolipids --- ceramides --- cerebrosides --- gangliosides --- sialic acid --- Asteroidea --- Holothuroidea --- biological activity --- neuritogenic activity ---  

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The materials published in the Special Issue reflect the real diversity of echinoderm metabolites and cover most of their specific classes and biomedical potential as antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, and even anticoagulant preparations. The metabolites include sea urchin naphtoquinoid pigments and their semi-synthetic derivatives, sea cucumber triterpene glycosides, esters of polyhydroxysteroids from starfish, sea urchins free sterols, and sea cucumber fucosylated chondroitin sulfates. This Special Issue, “Echinoderm Metabolites: Structure, Functions, and Biomedical Perspectives”, is a collection of articles about different scientific aspects concerning low molecular weight and biopolymer metabolites from echinoderms, including their isolation and chemical structures, biological activities, biosynthesis and evolution, biological functions, and obtaining of semi-synthetic derivatives of biologically active natural products. This Special Issue includes materials about sea urchin naphtoquinoid pigments and their semi-synthetic derivatives, sea cucumber triterpene glycosides, esters of polyhydroxysteroids from starfish, sea urchin free sterols, and sea cucumber fucosylated chondroitin sulfates.

Medicine --- prostate cancer --- thioglucoside conjugates --- natural products --- sea urchins --- glucose uptake --- polyhydroxysteroidal esters --- NMR spectra --- fatty acids --- starfish --- Ceramaster patagonicus --- cytostatic activity --- soft agar assay --- wound healing assay --- Colochirus quadrangularis --- triterpene glycosides --- quadrangularisosides --- sea cucumber --- cytotoxic activity --- Holothuria hilla --- Paracaudina chilensis --- fucosylated chondroitin sulfate --- anticoagulant activity --- echinochrome A --- echinamine A --- echinamine B --- herpes simplex virus type 1 --- Vero cells --- glycoprotein gD --- molecular docking --- Thyonidium kurilensis --- kurilosides --- Thenea muricata --- Aplysina sp. --- Pseudoanthomastus agaricus --- Montastraea cavernosa --- Buccinum sp. --- Pasiphaea tarda --- Phormosoma placenta --- Echinometra lucunter --- sterols --- gas chromatography --- mass spectrometry --- neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells --- 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone --- O-glucoside --- thiomethylglycoside --- QSAR

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Dear colleagues, This Special Issue aims to publish new and innovative research that could demonstrate the therapeutic potential of natural health products, through relevant in vitro and/or in vivo biological activities, to prevent or alleviate degenerative diseases. The interaction of natural health products with human microbiota represents an essential aspect, because it could modulate the microbial pattern and alleviate more of a chronic disease’s effects in the case of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory colon pathologies. Additionally, you are invited to send research based on the effect of different extracts or functional foods used in degenerative pathologies and interactions with human microbiota. We aim to identify new data on in vitro/in vivo research that could demonstrate the bioavailability of natural compounds and the relationship with antioxidant/antimicrobial capacity. Modulated microbiota aspects are expected to be published based on the interaction with natural compounds, natural sweeteners, or other molecules that influence the colon health status.

Technology: general issues --- Biotechnology --- in vitro callus --- cell suspension and root cultures --- biologically active substances --- ecdysteroids --- HPLC --- 1H NMR spectra --- Rhaponticum carthamoides --- Chaga --- medicinal fungi --- biomass yield --- mathematical modeling --- response surface methodology --- bioreactor culture --- mycelium --- antioxidant activity --- gamma irradiation --- Fomes fomentarius --- mushroom --- DPPH --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- urinary infection --- in vitro --- Escherichia coli --- antimicrobial --- yellow onion skins --- extraction --- multifunctional ingredients --- Ficus carica L. --- ultrasonic enzyme co-assisted --- aqueous two-phase extraction --- UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS --- identification --- lactic acid fermentation --- betalain --- carotenoids --- red pepper --- beetroot --- carrot --- drying --- heat treatment --- seaweeds --- bioactive compounds --- food safety --- consumer health --- Cannabis sativa L. --- cannabinoids --- hemp oil --- UHPLC–PDA --- validation --- Cnidoscolus aconitifolius --- inflammation --- croton oil --- HL-60 --- phenols --- differentiation --- apoptosis --- transcriptome --- natural products --- bacteria --- downstream processing --- antibiotics --- isolation --- secondary metabolites --- pharmacognosy --- bioprospecting --- U. lactuca --- non-toxic solvents --- phenolics --- uropathogenic --- herbal medicines --- plant extract --- bioactive molecules --- n/a --- UHPLC-PDA

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Dear colleagues, This Special Issue aims to publish new and innovative research that could demonstrate the therapeutic potential of natural health products, through relevant in vitro and/or in vivo biological activities, to prevent or alleviate degenerative diseases. The interaction of natural health products with human microbiota represents an essential aspect, because it could modulate the microbial pattern and alleviate more of a chronic disease’s effects in the case of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory colon pathologies. Additionally, you are invited to send research based on the effect of different extracts or functional foods used in degenerative pathologies and interactions with human microbiota. We aim to identify new data on in vitro/in vivo research that could demonstrate the bioavailability of natural compounds and the relationship with antioxidant/antimicrobial capacity. Modulated microbiota aspects are expected to be published based on the interaction with natural compounds, natural sweeteners, or other molecules that influence the colon health status.

in vitro callus --- cell suspension and root cultures --- biologically active substances --- ecdysteroids --- HPLC --- 1H NMR spectra --- Rhaponticum carthamoides --- Chaga --- medicinal fungi --- biomass yield --- mathematical modeling --- response surface methodology --- bioreactor culture --- mycelium --- antioxidant activity --- gamma irradiation --- Fomes fomentarius --- mushroom --- DPPH --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- urinary infection --- in vitro --- Escherichia coli --- antimicrobial --- yellow onion skins --- extraction --- multifunctional ingredients --- Ficus carica L. --- ultrasonic enzyme co-assisted --- aqueous two-phase extraction --- UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS --- identification --- lactic acid fermentation --- betalain --- carotenoids --- red pepper --- beetroot --- carrot --- drying --- heat treatment --- seaweeds --- bioactive compounds --- food safety --- consumer health --- Cannabis sativa L. --- cannabinoids --- hemp oil --- UHPLC–PDA --- validation --- Cnidoscolus aconitifolius --- inflammation --- croton oil --- HL-60 --- phenols --- differentiation --- apoptosis --- transcriptome --- natural products --- bacteria --- downstream processing --- antibiotics --- isolation --- secondary metabolites --- pharmacognosy --- bioprospecting --- U. lactuca --- non-toxic solvents --- phenolics --- uropathogenic --- herbal medicines --- plant extract --- bioactive molecules --- n/a --- UHPLC-PDA

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The G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PIBOC FEB RAS) was founded in 1964 in Vladivostok in the Far East of Russia. Over many years, we have been carrying out studies on the natural products of both marine and terrestrial origin. In collaboration with many Russian and foreign scientists, we have investigated many hundreds of diverse biomolecules, including steroids and terpenoids, quinoid compounds and alkaloids, polysaccharides and lipids, enzymes and lectins, proteins, and peptides. The Institute has a collection of marine microorganisms (KMM) PIBOC, which includes more than 4000 strains of marine bacteria and more than 1000 strains of marine fungi. The biological activity of natural compounds is also being studied. This book includes the 14 manuscripts which covered almost all aspects of PIBOC research activity in the fields of bioorganic chemistry, biochemistry, organic synthesis of natural compounds, marine microbiology, and genetic engineering, and we hope it will provide interesting new information for scientists working in these fields.

Research & information: general --- polyhydroxylated steroids --- NMR spectra --- starfish --- Anthenoides laevigatus --- cytotoxicity --- soft agar assay --- kainic acid --- domoic acid --- dysiherbaine --- neodysiherbaine A --- marine bacteria --- whole genome sequence --- porin --- amino acids composition --- bilayer lipid membrane --- pore-forming activity --- spatial structure --- phlorotannins --- phlorethols --- anticancer activity --- colorectal cancer --- radiosensitizer --- radiotherapy --- 1,4-naphthoquinones --- quinoid compounds --- thioglycosides --- quinone-sugar conjugates --- cytotoxic activity --- antibiotic activity --- histochrome --- echinochrome A --- oxidative degradation --- HPLC-DAD-MS --- NMR --- actinoporin --- sea anemone --- Heteractis crispa --- anti-migratory activity --- glycosphingolipids --- cerebrosides --- peroxidation products --- structure elucidation --- allylic thioether --- ESI-MS --- GC-MS --- mass spectra --- glass sponge --- isomalabaricanes --- Stelletta sp. --- marine sponge --- terpenoid --- Cobetia amphilecti --- Cobetia litoralis --- Cobetia pacifica --- Cobetia marina --- Cobetia crustatorum --- identification markers --- alkaline phosphatase PhoA --- lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase --- flavonoids --- enzyme inhibition --- surface plasmon resonance --- spectral titration --- molecular docking --- Zobellia --- genomes --- polysaccharide lyase family 7 --- alginate utilization system --- paralogs --- orthologs --- recombinant phospholipase A1 --- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis --- inclusion bodies --- fusion protein --- green fluorescent protein --- porin gene expression --- antibiotic stress --- phenotypic heterogeneity