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This thesis consists in the design of a new homodyne radar transceiver to be used in the context of automatic doors. The work focuses on the continuous wave mode (CW) which allows speed measurements, while the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) – which allows range and speed measurements – was developed in a more theoretical way. The central component of this work is a new radar chip developed by Infineon (BGT24LTR22), working in the frequency band from 24GHz to 24.25GHz. It provides analog building blocks for radar applications and fea- tures two transmitting ports as well as two receiving ports. The first phase of this work concerns the antennas : three different types of patch antennas were designed with CST (either 4X1 or 3X1 arrays) with radiation patterns compatible with the automatic door market (elevation beamwidth of 60°). The EIRP was measured as 9.8dBm, 7.3dBm and 6.5dBm for the respective designs. The second phase deals with the transceiver’s architecture and its implementation on a printed circuit board, with Altium. Three different transceivers were designed, each one featuring one patch an- tenna type. The third phase includes the software development with Eclipse IDE, software which is meant to be embedded in an external acquisition board to sample the radar chip output signals. The processing of these signals with Matlab includes a Constant False Alarm Rate algorithm. Dif- ferent tests are performed on the transceivers in the CW mode. Signal-to-noise ratios of 21dB, 18dB and 16dB were respectively measured for each transceiver design. The detection of people in motion is validated with a speed resolution of 0.5km/h. Taking advantage of the MIMO configu- ration (two TX antennas and two RX antennas), it is possible to determine the angle of arrival of detected people. Only one TX antenna was used, because large transient responses were observed when switching between both. Nevertheless, with two RX antennas, we finally demonstrated the ability of the transceivers to separate people at different speeds with an angular precision of 30°, and to reject the parallel flow of people who do not wish the door to open.
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In recent years, microwave sensing and imaging have acquired an ever-growing importance in several applicative fields, such as non-destructive evaluations in industry and civil engineering, subsurface prospection, security, and biomedical imaging. Indeed, microwave techniques allow, in principle, for information to be obtained directly regarding the physical parameters of the inspected targets (dielectric properties, shape, etc.) by using safe electromagnetic radiations and cost-effective systems. Consequently, a great deal of research activity has recently been devoted to the development of efficient/reliable measurement systems, which are effective data processing algorithms that can be used to solve the underlying electromagnetic inverse scattering problem, and efficient forward solvers to model electromagnetic interactions. Within this framework, this Special Issue aims to provide some insights into recent microwave sensing and imaging systems and techniques.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- MW magnetic field --- axial ratio --- polarization --- NV center --- two-dimensional radar imaging --- multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar --- Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) --- imaging plane calibration algorithm (IPCA) --- microwave tomography --- stroke detection --- DBIM --- linearized inverse scattering --- microwave imaging --- orbital angular momentum --- born approximation --- rytov approximation --- brain stroke --- monitoring --- antenna array --- electromagnetic scattering --- buried objects --- through-wall radar --- inverse scattering --- breast --- multipath --- dynamic range --- software defined radio --- leakage --- frequency-dimension scale --- terahertz --- measurements --- differential imaging --- numerical optimization --- block system inversion --- trade-off analysis --- medical MEMS --- wireless power transfer --- microwave --- thermography --- field illustration --- permittivity --- radar imaging --- target detection --- experimental measurements --- imaging --- wave propagation --- beam summation methods
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In recent years, microwave sensing and imaging have acquired an ever-growing importance in several applicative fields, such as non-destructive evaluations in industry and civil engineering, subsurface prospection, security, and biomedical imaging. Indeed, microwave techniques allow, in principle, for information to be obtained directly regarding the physical parameters of the inspected targets (dielectric properties, shape, etc.) by using safe electromagnetic radiations and cost-effective systems. Consequently, a great deal of research activity has recently been devoted to the development of efficient/reliable measurement systems, which are effective data processing algorithms that can be used to solve the underlying electromagnetic inverse scattering problem, and efficient forward solvers to model electromagnetic interactions. Within this framework, this Special Issue aims to provide some insights into recent microwave sensing and imaging systems and techniques.
MW magnetic field --- axial ratio --- polarization --- NV center --- two-dimensional radar imaging --- multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar --- Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) --- imaging plane calibration algorithm (IPCA) --- microwave tomography --- stroke detection --- DBIM --- linearized inverse scattering --- microwave imaging --- orbital angular momentum --- born approximation --- rytov approximation --- brain stroke --- monitoring --- antenna array --- electromagnetic scattering --- buried objects --- through-wall radar --- inverse scattering --- breast --- multipath --- dynamic range --- software defined radio --- leakage --- frequency-dimension scale --- terahertz --- measurements --- differential imaging --- numerical optimization --- block system inversion --- trade-off analysis --- medical MEMS --- wireless power transfer --- microwave --- thermography --- field illustration --- permittivity --- radar imaging --- target detection --- experimental measurements --- imaging --- wave propagation --- beam summation methods
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In recent years, microwave sensing and imaging have acquired an ever-growing importance in several applicative fields, such as non-destructive evaluations in industry and civil engineering, subsurface prospection, security, and biomedical imaging. Indeed, microwave techniques allow, in principle, for information to be obtained directly regarding the physical parameters of the inspected targets (dielectric properties, shape, etc.) by using safe electromagnetic radiations and cost-effective systems. Consequently, a great deal of research activity has recently been devoted to the development of efficient/reliable measurement systems, which are effective data processing algorithms that can be used to solve the underlying electromagnetic inverse scattering problem, and efficient forward solvers to model electromagnetic interactions. Within this framework, this Special Issue aims to provide some insights into recent microwave sensing and imaging systems and techniques.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- MW magnetic field --- axial ratio --- polarization --- NV center --- two-dimensional radar imaging --- multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar --- Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) --- imaging plane calibration algorithm (IPCA) --- microwave tomography --- stroke detection --- DBIM --- linearized inverse scattering --- microwave imaging --- orbital angular momentum --- born approximation --- rytov approximation --- brain stroke --- monitoring --- antenna array --- electromagnetic scattering --- buried objects --- through-wall radar --- inverse scattering --- breast --- multipath --- dynamic range --- software defined radio --- leakage --- frequency-dimension scale --- terahertz --- measurements --- differential imaging --- numerical optimization --- block system inversion --- trade-off analysis --- medical MEMS --- wireless power transfer --- microwave --- thermography --- field illustration --- permittivity --- radar imaging --- target detection --- experimental measurements --- imaging --- wave propagation --- beam summation methods
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high-resolution --- highly-squinted --- maneuvers --- fifth-order motion parameter model --- spatial variation --- frequency-domain processing --- extended back-projection algorithm --- topography variations --- computational burden --- high resolution --- lunar penetrating radar --- lunar exploration --- compressive sensing --- lunar regolith modeling --- signal processing --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- Airborne SAR --- Sounder --- P-Band --- helicopter-borne radar --- UHF and VHF bands --- MIMO radar --- through-wall imaging --- ultrawideband signal --- SFCW --- sparse array --- back projection algorithm --- Vivaldi antenna --- SAR Interferometry --- Digital Elevation Model (DEM) --- Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) --- differential interferometry --- DInSAR --- precision agriculture --- drone-borne radar --- crop growth deficit map --- radar imaging --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- inverse scattering --- linear scattering models --- global positioning systems --- range-Doppler processor --- corner reflector --- forward-looking GPR --- surface clutter --- near-field --- antenna arrays --- microwave imaging --- coherence factor --- n/a
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Research & information: general --- Geography --- high-resolution --- highly-squinted --- maneuvers --- fifth-order motion parameter model --- spatial variation --- frequency-domain processing --- extended back-projection algorithm --- topography variations --- computational burden --- high resolution --- lunar penetrating radar --- lunar exploration --- compressive sensing --- lunar regolith modeling --- signal processing --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- Airborne SAR --- Sounder --- P-Band --- helicopter-borne radar --- UHF and VHF bands --- MIMO radar --- through-wall imaging --- ultrawideband signal --- SFCW --- sparse array --- back projection algorithm --- Vivaldi antenna --- SAR Interferometry --- Digital Elevation Model (DEM) --- Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) --- differential interferometry --- DInSAR --- precision agriculture --- drone-borne radar --- crop growth deficit map --- radar imaging --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- inverse scattering --- linear scattering models --- global positioning systems --- range-Doppler processor --- corner reflector --- forward-looking GPR --- surface clutter --- near-field --- antenna arrays --- microwave imaging --- coherence factor
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The aim of this Printed Edition of Special Issue entitled "Recent Advancements in Radar Imaging and Sensing Technology” was to gather the latest research results in the area of modern radar technology using active and/or radar imaging sensing techniques in different applications, including both military use and a broad spectrum of civilian applications. As a result, the 19 papers that have been published highlighted a variety of topics related to modern radar imaging and microwave sensing technology. The sequence of articles included in the Printed Edition of Special Issue dealt with wide aspects of different applications of radar imaging and sensing technology in the area of topics including high-resolution radar imaging, novel Synthetic Apertura Radar (SAR) and Inverse SAR (ISAR) imaging techniques, passive radar imaging technology, modern civilian applications of using radar technology for sensing, multiply-input multiply-output (MIMO) SAR imaging, tomography imaging, among others.
Technology: general issues --- microwave staring correlated imaging (MSCI) --- gain–phase errors --- strip --- self-calibration --- distributed MIMO radar --- target localization --- double-sided bistatic range (BR) --- microwave staring correlated imaging --- unsteady aerostat platform --- motion parameter fitting --- position error --- radar imaging --- synthetic aperture radar --- compressed sensing --- sparse reconstruction --- regularization --- passive forward scattering radar --- chirp rate estimation --- passive radar --- forward scattering radar --- radar measurements --- time-frequency analysis --- bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- hyperbolic approximation --- phase compensation --- modified omega-K --- ground-penetrating radar --- noise suppression --- singular value decomposition --- Hankel matrix --- window length optimization --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- high resolution wide swath (HRWS) --- azimuth multichannel reconstruction --- phase center adaptation --- false targets suppression --- damped exponential (DE) model --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- radar signatures --- state–space approach (SSA) --- sparse representation --- polarimetric --- SAR tomography --- MIMO radar --- noise radar --- radar signal processing techniques --- analogue correlation --- modern radar applications --- delay line --- high pulse repetition frequency (HPRF) --- random frequency hopping (RFH) --- hypersonic aircraft --- SAR --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- ASIFT --- Despeckling Filter --- Navigation --- Structure from Motion --- Iterative Closest Point --- radar tomography --- compressive sensing --- bistatic radar --- parameter-refined orthogonal matching pursuit (PROMP) --- orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) --- k-space tomography --- narrowband radar --- off-grid compressive sensing --- slow-time k-space --- spatial frequency --- Doppler radar tomography --- k-space augmentation --- high-resolution narrowband radar --- multiband processing --- bandwidth stitching --- multi-scale representation learning (MSRL) --- pyramid pooling module (PPM) --- compact depth-wise separable convolution (CSeConv) --- convolution auto-encoder (CAE) --- object classification --- CARABAS II --- ground scene prediction --- image stack --- multi-pass --- SAR images --- moving targets --- inverse SAR (ISAR) --- motion compensation --- hybrid SAR/ISAR --- improved rank-one phase estimation (IROPE) --- Gaofen-3 (GF-3) --- assive radar --- time-frequency reassignment
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The aim of this Printed Edition of Special Issue entitled "Recent Advancements in Radar Imaging and Sensing Technology” was to gather the latest research results in the area of modern radar technology using active and/or radar imaging sensing techniques in different applications, including both military use and a broad spectrum of civilian applications. As a result, the 19 papers that have been published highlighted a variety of topics related to modern radar imaging and microwave sensing technology. The sequence of articles included in the Printed Edition of Special Issue dealt with wide aspects of different applications of radar imaging and sensing technology in the area of topics including high-resolution radar imaging, novel Synthetic Apertura Radar (SAR) and Inverse SAR (ISAR) imaging techniques, passive radar imaging technology, modern civilian applications of using radar technology for sensing, multiply-input multiply-output (MIMO) SAR imaging, tomography imaging, among others.
microwave staring correlated imaging (MSCI) --- gain–phase errors --- strip --- self-calibration --- distributed MIMO radar --- target localization --- double-sided bistatic range (BR) --- microwave staring correlated imaging --- unsteady aerostat platform --- motion parameter fitting --- position error --- radar imaging --- synthetic aperture radar --- compressed sensing --- sparse reconstruction --- regularization --- passive forward scattering radar --- chirp rate estimation --- passive radar --- forward scattering radar --- radar measurements --- time-frequency analysis --- bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- hyperbolic approximation --- phase compensation --- modified omega-K --- ground-penetrating radar --- noise suppression --- singular value decomposition --- Hankel matrix --- window length optimization --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- high resolution wide swath (HRWS) --- azimuth multichannel reconstruction --- phase center adaptation --- false targets suppression --- damped exponential (DE) model --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- radar signatures --- state–space approach (SSA) --- sparse representation --- polarimetric --- SAR tomography --- MIMO radar --- noise radar --- radar signal processing techniques --- analogue correlation --- modern radar applications --- delay line --- high pulse repetition frequency (HPRF) --- random frequency hopping (RFH) --- hypersonic aircraft --- SAR --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- ASIFT --- Despeckling Filter --- Navigation --- Structure from Motion --- Iterative Closest Point --- radar tomography --- compressive sensing --- bistatic radar --- parameter-refined orthogonal matching pursuit (PROMP) --- orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) --- k-space tomography --- narrowband radar --- off-grid compressive sensing --- slow-time k-space --- spatial frequency --- Doppler radar tomography --- k-space augmentation --- high-resolution narrowband radar --- multiband processing --- bandwidth stitching --- multi-scale representation learning (MSRL) --- pyramid pooling module (PPM) --- compact depth-wise separable convolution (CSeConv) --- convolution auto-encoder (CAE) --- object classification --- CARABAS II --- ground scene prediction --- image stack --- multi-pass --- SAR images --- moving targets --- inverse SAR (ISAR) --- motion compensation --- hybrid SAR/ISAR --- improved rank-one phase estimation (IROPE) --- Gaofen-3 (GF-3) --- assive radar --- time-frequency reassignment
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The aim of this Printed Edition of Special Issue entitled "Recent Advancements in Radar Imaging and Sensing Technology” was to gather the latest research results in the area of modern radar technology using active and/or radar imaging sensing techniques in different applications, including both military use and a broad spectrum of civilian applications. As a result, the 19 papers that have been published highlighted a variety of topics related to modern radar imaging and microwave sensing technology. The sequence of articles included in the Printed Edition of Special Issue dealt with wide aspects of different applications of radar imaging and sensing technology in the area of topics including high-resolution radar imaging, novel Synthetic Apertura Radar (SAR) and Inverse SAR (ISAR) imaging techniques, passive radar imaging technology, modern civilian applications of using radar technology for sensing, multiply-input multiply-output (MIMO) SAR imaging, tomography imaging, among others.
Technology: general issues --- microwave staring correlated imaging (MSCI) --- gain–phase errors --- strip --- self-calibration --- distributed MIMO radar --- target localization --- double-sided bistatic range (BR) --- microwave staring correlated imaging --- unsteady aerostat platform --- motion parameter fitting --- position error --- radar imaging --- synthetic aperture radar --- compressed sensing --- sparse reconstruction --- regularization --- passive forward scattering radar --- chirp rate estimation --- passive radar --- forward scattering radar --- radar measurements --- time-frequency analysis --- bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- hyperbolic approximation --- phase compensation --- modified omega-K --- ground-penetrating radar --- noise suppression --- singular value decomposition --- Hankel matrix --- window length optimization --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- high resolution wide swath (HRWS) --- azimuth multichannel reconstruction --- phase center adaptation --- false targets suppression --- damped exponential (DE) model --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- radar signatures --- state–space approach (SSA) --- sparse representation --- polarimetric --- SAR tomography --- MIMO radar --- noise radar --- radar signal processing techniques --- analogue correlation --- modern radar applications --- delay line --- high pulse repetition frequency (HPRF) --- random frequency hopping (RFH) --- hypersonic aircraft --- SAR --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- ASIFT --- Despeckling Filter --- Navigation --- Structure from Motion --- Iterative Closest Point --- radar tomography --- compressive sensing --- bistatic radar --- parameter-refined orthogonal matching pursuit (PROMP) --- orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) --- k-space tomography --- narrowband radar --- off-grid compressive sensing --- slow-time k-space --- spatial frequency --- Doppler radar tomography --- k-space augmentation --- high-resolution narrowband radar --- multiband processing --- bandwidth stitching --- multi-scale representation learning (MSRL) --- pyramid pooling module (PPM) --- compact depth-wise separable convolution (CSeConv) --- convolution auto-encoder (CAE) --- object classification --- CARABAS II --- ground scene prediction --- image stack --- multi-pass --- SAR images --- moving targets --- inverse SAR (ISAR) --- motion compensation --- hybrid SAR/ISAR --- improved rank-one phase estimation (IROPE) --- Gaofen-3 (GF-3) --- assive radar --- time-frequency reassignment
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Radar-related technology is mainly processed within the time and frequency domains but, at the same time, is a multi-dimensional integrated system including a spatial domain for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. As a result of the enormous technological advancements of the pioneers actively discussed in this book, research and development in multi-dimensional undeveloped areas is expected to continue. This book contains state-of-the-art work that should guide your research.
History of engineering & technology --- inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) --- maneuvering target --- integral cubic phase function (ICPF) --- fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) --- non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) --- CLEAN technique --- simultaneous polarimetric radar --- constant modulus sequences --- correlation properties --- doppler tolerance --- saliency preprocessing LLC --- saliency detection --- image processing --- scene classification --- antenna array --- automatic guided vehicle --- DoA/DoD estimation --- MIMO radar --- direct position determination --- Doppler --- Doppler rate --- maximum likelihood estimator --- coherent pulse trains --- single moving sensor --- Cramer–Rao lower bound --- bistatic MIMO radar --- DOD/DOA estimation --- mutual coupling --- off-grid sparse problem --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- clustering methods --- man-made targets --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- polarimetric decomposition --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- microwave imaging --- constitutive parameters --- conductivity --- permittivity --- tomography --- RF MEMS --- switch --- analytical approach --- low control voltage --- high switching speed --- high reliability --- radar echo cancellation --- frequency shifting modulation --- interrupted sampling --- radar jamming --- deception jamming --- remote sensing --- SAR --- radon transform --- speckle noise filtering --- maritime traffic monitoring --- wake detection and analysis --- synthetic aperture radar --- differential SAR tomography --- squinted SAR --- 3-D deformation --- 2-D PPS --- maneuvering target detection --- coherent integration --- motion parameter estimation --- second-order phase difference (SoPD) --- time-frequency analysis --- image fusion --- sparse representation --- hyperbolic tangent function --- guided filter --- narrowband interference separation --- block sparse Bayesian learning --- sensing matrix optimization --- block coherence measure --- bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar --- linear geometry distortion --- prior information --- least square error --- lunar penetrating radar --- local correlation --- SNR --- K-L transform --- seislet transform --- generative adversarial nets --- through-wall radar imaging --- multipath ghost suppression --- generator and discriminator --- ultrahigh resolution --- spaceborne --- curved orbit --- series reversion --- singular value decomposition (SVD) --- deramping-based approach --- crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- Bayesian inversion --- Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) --- forward model --- modeling error --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- through-wall imaging --- contrast target detection --- clutter reduction --- entropy thresholding --- low-rank approximation --- S-transformation --- ISAR --- micro-Doppler --- synchrosqueezing --- PBR (passive bistatic radar) --- clutter suppression --- non-uniform grid --- dilation morphology --- passive bistatic radar --- phased array radar --- parameter estimation --- aircraft surveillance --- GPR --- seasonal permafrost --- electromagnetic wave attribute --- relative water content --- marine radar --- wind direction retrieval --- small wind streak --- local gradient method --- adaptive reduced method --- energy spectrum method --- metamaterial absorber --- double negative --- dual-band --- FMCW radio altimeter --- methodological error --- critical height --- altitude measurement accuracy --- height pulses --- ultra-wide frequency deviation --- sparse recovery --- wideband noise interference --- dechirping --- subspace extraction --- denoising detection --- orthogonal matching pursuit --- pulse radar --- rotating target --- micro-motion feature extraction --- interrupted transmitting and receiving (ITR) --- dual-polarized radar --- DOA estimation --- atomic norm --- comprehensive SAR --- multiparametric SAR observation --- discrete scatterer model --- n/a --- Cramer-Rao lower bound
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