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While there are languages that code a particular grammatical role (e.g. subject or direct object) in one and the same way across the board, many more languages code the same grammatical roles differentially. The variables which condition the differential argument marking (or DAM) pertain to various properties of the NP (such as animacy or definiteness) or to event semantics or various properties of the clause. While the main line of current research on DAM is mainly synchronic the volume tackles the diachronic perspective. The tenet is that the emergence and the development of differential marking systems provide a different kind of evidence for the understanding of the phenomenon. The present volume consists of 18 chapters and primarily brings together diachronic case studies on particular languages or language groups including e.g. Finno-Ugric, Sino-Tibetan and Japonic languages. The volume also includes a position paper, which provides an overview of the typology of different subtypes of DAM systems, a chapter on computer simulation of the emergence of DAM and a chapter devoted to the cross-linguistic effects of referential hierarchies on DAM.

Lingüística histórica --- Historical linguistics. --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and history --- Linguistics --- History

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Citizenship. --- LINGUÍSTICA HISTÓRICA. --- Language and languages. --- Languages, Modern. --- Langues vivantes. --- Nationalism and nationality. --- Nationalité. --- Sprache. --- Standaardtaal. --- Taalfamilies. --- Taalstatus. --- Taalverandering. --- citizenship. --- Europa. --- Europe --- Europe. --- Languages. --- Langues.

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The present volume contains a selection of the papers and commentaries which were originally presented at the Tenth Conference of Laboratory Phonology (LabPhon10) held in Paris from June 29 to July 1, 2006. The theme of the volume is Variation, Phonetic Detail and Phonological Representation. It brings together specialists of different fields of speech research with the goal to discuss the relevance of patterns of variation and phonetic details on phonological representations and theories. The topic is addressed from the angles of speech production, perception, acquisition, speech disorders, and language universals. The contributions are grouped thematically in five sections, each of which is commented by invited discussants. Section I contains the contributions to the special '10th anniversary session' of the conference which represent in a prototypical way some of the different research questions that have been at the core of important debates over the last 20 years in the laboratory phonology community. Issues of phonological universals and language typology are addressed in section II. In section III, the notions of variation and phonetic detail are examined with regard to how they are acquired and dealt with in the formation of phonological representation in emerging systems. Section IV focuses on recent work at the crossroad between normal and disordered speech.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic change --- Phonology --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Fonologia --- Canvi lingüístic --- Canvi (Lingüística) --- Evolució lingüística --- Lingüística històrica --- Variació (Lingüística) --- Lingüística --- Consonants --- Neutralització (Lingüística) --- Teoria de l'optimitat (Lingüística) --- Trets distintius (Lingüística) --- Vocals --- Phonetics. --- Phonology. --- Variation.

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Indo-European languages --- Indo-European philology --- Grammar --- Indo-European philology. --- Grammar. --- linguistics --- Indo-European languages --- synchronic --- diachronic --- comparative linguistics --- historical linguistics --- Aryan philology --- Aryan languages --- Indo-Germanic languages --- indo-european languages --- synchronic linguistics --- diachronic linguistics --- Llengües indoeuropees. --- Lingüística. --- Llenguatge i llengües --- Actes de parla (Lingüística) --- Alternança de codi (Lingüística) --- Anàlisi prosòdica (Lingüística) --- Analogia (Lingüística) --- Arcaismes (Lingüística) --- Biolingüística --- Classificadors (Lingüística) --- Coherència (Lingüística) --- Cohesió (Lingüística) --- Concepte genèric (Lingüística) --- Context (Lingüística) --- Cortesia (Lingüística) --- Creativitat (Lingüística) --- Dialectologia --- Diglòssia --- Ecolingüística --- Economia (Lingüística) --- Etnolingüística --- Fonètica --- Fonologia --- Fossilització (Lingüística) --- Gramàtica --- Idiotismes --- Lexicologia --- Lingüística aplicada --- Lingüística estructural --- Lingüística històrica --- Lingüística matemàtica --- Marca (Lingüística) --- Modalitat (Lingüística) --- Paralingüística --- Paral·lelisme (Lingüística) --- Paraula (Lingüística) --- Quantificadors (Lingüística) --- Semàntica --- Sociolingüística --- Substrat (Lingüística) --- Teoria de la recció i lligament (Lingüística) --- Tipologia (Lingüística) --- Trets distintius (Lingüística) --- Universals (Lingüística) --- Història de la lingüística --- Llengües indogermàniques --- Albanès --- Llengües anatòliques --- Llengües bàltiques --- Llengües cèltiques --- Llengües eslaves --- Llengües germàniques --- Llengües indoiràniques --- Protoindoeuropeu --- Tokhari --- Filologia indoeuropea

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This text illustrates an approach to prosodic typology through descriptions of the intonation and the prosodic structure of 13 typologically different languages based on the same theoretical framework and the transcription system of prosody known as Tones and Break Indices (ToBI).

Prosodic analysis (Linguistics) --- Linguistics. --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Multidimensional phonology --- Polysystemic phonology --- Prosodic phonology --- Speaking styles --- Language and languages --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistics --- Phonetics --- Phonology --- Anàlisi prosòdica (Lingüística) --- Lingüística --- Llenguatge i llengües --- Actes de parla (Lingüística) --- Alternança de codi (Lingüística) --- Analogia (Lingüística) --- Arcaismes (Lingüística) --- Biolingüística --- Classificadors (Lingüística) --- Coherència (Lingüística) --- Cohesió (Lingüística) --- Concepte genèric (Lingüística) --- Context (Lingüística) --- Cortesia (Lingüística) --- Creativitat (Lingüística) --- Dialectologia --- Diglòssia --- Ecolingüística --- Economia (Lingüística) --- Etnolingüística --- Fonètica --- Fonologia --- Fossilització (Lingüística) --- Gramàtica --- Idiotismes --- Lexicologia --- Lingüística aplicada --- Lingüística estructural --- Lingüística històrica --- Lingüística matemàtica --- Marca (Lingüística) --- Modalitat (Lingüística) --- Paralingüística --- Paral·lelisme (Lingüística) --- Paraula (Lingüística) --- Quantificadors (Lingüística) --- Semàntica --- Sociolingüística --- Substrat (Lingüística) --- Teoria de la recció i lligament (Lingüística) --- Tipologia (Lingüística) --- Trets distintius (Lingüística) --- Universals (Lingüística) --- Història de la lingüística --- Fonologia multidimensional --- Fonologia polisistèmica --- Prosòdia --- Prosòdia (Lingüística) --- Accentuació (Lingüística) --- Entonació (Fonètica)