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This report presents the World Bank and Islamic Development Bank, collectively the Banks, teams' review and assessment of Albania country procurement and contract implementation CPCI), including for projects and civil works contracts financed by the Banks. This report focuses on the most critical findings and it summarizes key recommendations. Detailed analysis and recommendations are provided in the report. The CPCI aims to provide the Government of Albania (GoA) with an updated diagnosis of the strengths and weaknesses of public procurement and to make specific recommendations and practical suggestions for achieving increased effectiveness in service delivery, through an improved public procurement system, planning and implementation as well as contract management. The report also presents specific analysis of implementation of projects and procurement of contracts financed by the Banks and it discusses more specifically some questions raised by the GoA regarding options to centralize procurement of donors' financed projects. The report has nine sections: I. introduction, II. procurement legal and regulatory framework, III. institutional framework and management capacity, IV. procurement operation and market practices, V. contract implementation and management, VI. public financial management relevant to procurement, VII. integrity and transparency relevant to procurement, VIII. performance of World Bank and Islamic Development Bank portfolios, and IX. recommendations and suggested action plan.

Contracts --- Legal framework --- Public sector development --- Transparency

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This report contains an assessment of the approach that the Republic of Chad has adopted or plans to adopt to enhance the benefits generated by the exploitation of its petroleum resources, and to manage the economic and social impact of such exploitation in a sustainable and equitable manner. Its objective is to inform the extent and prioritization of petroleum sector reforms, which might be the object of technical assistance to be provided by the World Bank and other development partners. The report focuses on the upstream part of the petroleum sector (exploration and production), where the largest fiscal and governance gains can be achieved. The report is necessarily a high-level review of geological potential, laws and regulations, and institutional capacity and organization pertaining to the petroleum sector. As such, it is not a guide on how to secure private sector investment or implement reforms. It was prepared in a short period of time combining desk research and in-country stakeholders' consultation with the accumulated knowledge from several World Bank economic and sector studies and technical assistance operations and reflects the openness of the dialogue with the Government. Its findings are intended as background for discussion with the Authorities with the aim to identify a shared assessment of needs and priorities.

Accountability --- Energy --- Fiscal Policy --- Legal Framework --- Oil and Gas --- Petroleum Sector --- State-Owned Enterprises --- Transparency

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Supervision of business activities through an inspections system is a key component of a government's regulatory apparatus. Several jurisdictions have attempted to address these challenges by further standardizing the approaches, resources, practices, and tools used by two or more inspectorates, a process also known as integration. This note offers insights for reformers and practitioners based on lessons from selected case studies, with a focus on in-land inspections systems integrated in the past decade and discusses some recent developments in inspection reform. A previous World Bank Group (WBG) publication identified five integration models. This study, while confirming that these models remain relevant, examines integration efforts using the five key areas of inspection reform as a lens: institutional frameworks, legal instruments, strategy planning and operational tools, competences, and e-Inspections.

Business Regulation --- Legal Framework --- Private Sector Development --- Small and Medium Size Enterprises

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Most transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe face enormous challenges in developing a viable land structure. Due to restitution processes and socially engaged policies of privatization, wide spread land fragmentation is present. The situation in Armenia is comparable with many other countries in the region. Privatization was mainly done in the 1990s but continues until now as state and public land still represent a relatively large share of agricultural land. Figures of Armenia over the last 20 years illustrate minimal change in average farm and plot size. This outline is based on review and analysis of available data and a visit to Armenia in June 2017. It aims to contribute to selecting the policy options and setting the preconditions in Armenia needed to get a well-functioning rural land market to enlarge farms and to reduce fragmentation. As shown in this report, experience in the region is still limited which made it necessary and relevant to refer to experience in Western European countries. Options are not limited to land consolidation but include improved management of state land, land banking, agricultural lease regulation and some other supporting measures. The analysis conducted for this report draws on data collected from the Agricultural Census data of 2014 and data from the Real property cadastre. Qualitative data are based on several reports, presentations and interviews with experts and policy makers listed in the annex. Although further analysis is needed, it is clear that the current situation provides a serious risk for the agricultural sector which jeopardises the impact of any support to the sector. While Western European countries could organically adapt and support the sector to changing market conditions since the 1950s, the situation in Armenia (and other countries in the region) requires a set of measures which is unprecedented in its scale and intensity to speed up this process.

Capacity Building --- Farm Size --- Legal Framework --- Rural Development --- Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction

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This report is one of six gender and investment climate reform assessments undertaken in six Pacific nations including Timor-Leste. The report analyses gender-based investment climate barriers which constrain private sector development and identifies solutions to address them. Four key investment climate areas are considered: public private dialogue; starting and licensing a business; access to justice and alternative dispute resolution; and access to, and enforcement of, rights over registered land. In each area the report considers legal, regulatory, and administrative barriers to private sector development with a gender perspective. It makes recommendations aimed at ensuring that women benefit from ongoing efforts to improve Timor-Leste's investment climate on the same basis as their male counterparts. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications.

Business Environment --- Gender --- Gender and Economic Policy --- Legal Framework --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Private Sector Development