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As correlations between traditional asset classes increased and diversification effects disappeared during the 2007-2008 financial crisis, the search for untraditional and potentially uncorrelated asset classes gains importance in the scientific literature. Consequently, several alternative asset classes have been analyzed by academics and practitioners to determine their risk-return properties. This dissertation is intended to investigate the diversification potential of investment-grade wines. Therefore, this study attempts to determine the extent to which the inclusion of fine wines in a well-diversified portfolio can be considered relevant. First, this study suggests that the historical returns of investment-grade wines are highly serially correlated. Indeed, markets for infrequently traded assets tend to exhibit smoothed returns. As a result, the presence of high first-order autocorrelation can severely bias the estimation of the volatility. Therefore, this dissertation highlights the importance of eliminating autocorrelation from the return time series through the Okunev-White procedure. Second, this dissertation addresses the issue of non-Gaussian distributions. Indeed, markets for financial assets tend to exhibit returns that are not normally distributed. As a result, the ignorance of skewness and kurtosis may lead to an inaccurate estimation of risk-adjusted performance measures. Hence, this study emphasizes the necessity to take into account higher moments through the modified value-at-risk. Finally, the results of this study indicate that investment-grade wines have positive weights in the optimal portfolios constructed using mean-variance-liquidity-skewness-kurtosis analysis. In other words, the consideration of fine wines leads to upward and/or leftward shifts of the efficient frontiers. However, using the spanning test proposed by Gibbons, Ross and Shanken, the enhancements of the Sharpe ratios are not found to be statistically significant.

Wine --- Portfolio Optimization --- Illiquidity --- Higher Moments --- Modified Value-at-Risk --- Non-Gaussian Returns --- Diversification --- Spanning Test --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Finance

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Whereas conventional wisdom argues that markets shut down during crises, with sellers struggling to find buyers, we find that markets continue to operate during financial turmoil, even in narrow and volatile emerging economies. Simple event studies indicate that both trading volume and trading costs increase in crisis times. Prices change more with each dollar transacted (pushing the Amihud illiquidity measure up) and bid-ask spreads widen. More generally, econometric estimates show that large price downturns, typical of crises, are associated with higher trading activity and increased trading costs, with trading activity declining only later as crises progress. Thus, while trading activity tends to be negatively related to trading costs during tranquil times (and across securities), this relation appears to break down during crises. These results are consistent with the analytical literature on portfolio rebalancing by heterogeneous agents in times of crises.

Bid --- Debt Markets --- Emerging Economies --- Emerging Market --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Illiquidity --- Levy --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market Liquidity --- Markets and Market Access --- Mutual Funds --- Portfolio --- Private Sector Development --- Securities --- Trading --- Trading Costs

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This paper provides new theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting that the quality of credit information may be a key element in explaining the maturity structure of corporate debt around the world. In markets with poor credit information and hence a high degree of uncertainty about borrower quality, the authors find suboptimal equilibria in which short-term contracts are preferred either as a hedge against uncertainty to limit losses in bad states (in the symmetric information case) or as a screening device to learn about borrower credit quality in the course of a repeated lending relationship (in the asymmetric information case). The results of the model are supported by the econometric analysis of panel data from both industrial and developing economies. The authors find that countries with better quality of credit information (for example, as a result of improvements in credit reporting systems or accounting standards) are characterized by a higher share of long-term debt as a proportion of total corporate debt ceteris paribus. The findings suggest that promoting institutions and policies to improve the quality of credit information is an important prerequisite for increasing access of firms to long-term finance.

Access to Finance --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Bond --- Bond markets --- Corporate Debt --- Credit Information --- Debt Markets --- Debt Maturity --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Intermediation --- Illiquidity --- International Finance --- Long-term loan --- Maturities --- Short-term borrowing

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In Russia and other transition economies that have implemented voucher privatization programs, how can one account for the puzzling behavior of insider-managers who, in stripping assets from the very firms they own, appear to be stealing from one pocket to fill the other? How can one account for the puzzling behavior of insider-managers who, in stripping assets from the very firms they own, appear to be stealing from one pocket to fill the other? Desai and Goldberg suggest that such asset-stripping and failure to restructure are the consequences of interactions between insiders (manager-owners) and regional governments in a particular property rights regime. In this regime, the ability to realize value is limited by uncertainty and illiquidity, so managers have little incentive to increase value. As the central institutions that rule Russia have ceded their powers to the regions, regional governments have imposed various distortions on enterprises to protect local employment. Prospective outsider-investors doubt they can acquire the control rights they need for restructuring firms and doubt they can avoid the distortions regional governments impose on the firms in which they might invest. The result: little restructuring and little new investment. And regional governments, knowing the firms' taxable cash flows will have been reduced through cash flow diversion, have responded by collecting revenues in kind. To disentangle these vicious circles of control, Desai and Goldberg propose a pilot for transforming ownership in insider-dominated firms through a system of simultaneous tax-debt-for-equity conversion and resale through competitive auctions. The objective: to show regional governments, by example, that a more sustainable way to protect employment is to give managers incentives to increase enterprises' value by transferring effective control to investors. The proposed mechanism would provide cash benefits to insiders who agree to sell control to outside investors. The increased cash revenue (rather than in-kind or money surrogates) would enable regional governments to finance safety nets for the unemployed and to promote other regional initiatives. This paper - a product of the Private and Financial Sectors Development Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to address growth, governance, and poverty in the former Soviet Union. The authors may be contacted at desair@gunet.georgetown.edu or igoldberg@worldbank.org.

Banks and Banking Reform --- Cash Flows --- Competitive Auctions --- Conversion --- Corporate Governance --- Debt Markets --- Economic Theory and Research --- Emerging Markets --- Equity --- Finance --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Governance --- Illiquidity --- Investment --- Investment and Investment Climate --- Investors --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market --- Microfinance --- Municipal Financial Management --- National Governance --- Outside Investors --- Private Sector Development --- Prof Property --- Property Rights --- Revenue --- Revenues --- Safety Nets --- Tax --- Tax Debt --- Urban Development --- Voucher Privatization

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In the current competitive scenario, the banking industry must contend with multiple challenges tied to regulations, legacy systems, disruptive models/technologies, new competitors, and a restive customer base, while simultaneously pursuing new strategies for sustainable growth. Banking institutions that can address these emerging challenges and opportunities to effectively balance long-term goals with short-term performance pressures could be aptly rewarded. This book comprises a selection of papers addressing some of these relevant issues concerning the current challenges and opportunities for international banking institutions. Papers in this collection focus on the digital transformation of the banking industry and its effect on sustainability, the emergence of new competitors such as FinTech companies, the role of mobile banking in the industry, the connections between sustainability and financial performance, and other general sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) topics related to the banking industry. The book is a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Sustainability, which has been sponsored by the Santander Financial Institute (SANFI), a Spanish research and training institution created as a collaboration between Santander Bank and the University of Cantabria. SANFI works to identify, develop, support, and promote knowledge, study, talent, and innovation in the financial sector.

stimulus-response model --- utilitarian value --- Hedonic value --- salesperson selling behaviors --- customer satisfaction --- loan expansion --- GDP --- NPL --- ARDL --- VECM --- Johansen test of co-integration --- unit root --- non-performing loans --- sovereign debt distress --- tail dependence --- gaussian copula regression --- mobile financial services (MFS) --- trust --- perceived risk --- structural equation modeling (SEM) --- multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) --- technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) --- analytic hierarchy process (AHP) --- data envelopment analysis --- commercial banks --- product innovation --- performance evaluation --- innovation risk --- digital financial inclusion --- risk-coping ability --- vulnerability to poverty --- instrumental variable estimation --- emotional intelligence --- work-family conflict --- job burnout --- employees’ turnover intention --- perceived organizational support --- the Vietnamese banking industry --- stochastic DEA --- multi-attribute decision making --- ordinal variable --- cross-efficiency --- corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) --- financial performance --- Islamic Banking Industry of Pakistan --- GRI --- AAOIFI --- CSRD index --- cost of equity --- IFRS adoption --- European banks --- corporate governance --- banking regulation --- CSP–CFP relationship --- banking sustainability --- glass ceiling --- board composition --- equal opportunity policy --- CSR --- communication --- discourse --- exposition --- narrative --- storytelling --- banking --- catering --- utilitarian service --- hedonic service --- sustainable finance --- sustainable financial products --- sustainable banking --- SDGs --- sustainable development --- Latin America --- ESG. --- digital transformation --- knowledge management --- digital government --- public sector --- public administration --- peer-to-peer lending --- bank risk --- insolvency risk --- illiquidity risk --- financial inclusion --- vulnerable rural areas --- sustainable solutions --- central bank digital currency --- social sustainability --- pharmacy network --- sustainable access to cash --- nonperforming loans --- macroeconomic factors --- econometric model --- exchange rate --- unemployment rate --- inflation rate --- MoM(micro-operating mechanism) --- regulatory sandbox --- fintech --- type by enterprise --- innovation competencies --- patents data --- evidence-based policy --- European financial services --- SMEs --- nonfinancial information --- sustainable reporting --- disclosure --- lexical analysis --- nonfinancial reporting --- dynamic provisioning --- macroprudential supervision --- counter-cyclical adjustment --- innovative solution --- mobile banking --- Nigeria --- sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) --- qualitative meta-synthesis (QMS) --- banking industry --- value in use approach --- FinTech innovation --- valuation --- patent application --- market power --- efficiency --- profitability --- risk --- CBDC --- digital currency --- bank run --- central bank --- economic sustainability --- organizational ambidexterity --- blended ambidexterity --- innovation process --- buy-now-pay-later --- regulatory failure --- regulation --- consumer behaviour --- bank --- barriers --- digitalisation --- management --- perception --- transformation --- social media --- admiration --- consumer loyalty --- sustainability