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Iconography --- Environmental planning --- History of civilization --- urban history --- cities --- idealization --- Renaissance --- anno 1300-1399 --- anno 1400-1499 --- Florence

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Until now the advent of Western romantic love has been seen as a liberation from-or antidote to-ten centuries of misogyny. In this major contribution to gender studies, R. Howard Bloch demonstrates how similar the ubiquitous antifeminism of medieval times and the romantic idealization of woman actually are. Through analyses of a broad range of patristic and medieval texts, Bloch explores the Christian construction of gender in which the flesh is feminized, the feminine is aestheticized, and aesthetics are condemned in theological terms. Tracing the underlying theme of virginity from the Church Fathers to the courtly poets, Bloch establishes the continuity between early Christian antifeminism and the idealization of woman that emerged in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In conclusion he explains the likely social, economic, and legal causes for the seeming inversion of the terms of misogyny into those of an idealizing tradition of love that exists alongside its earlier avatar until the current era. This startling study will be of great value to students of medieval literature as well as to historians of culture and gender.

Love --- Misogyny --- Patriarchy --- Social history --- Women --- Androcracy --- Patriarchal families --- Fathers --- Families --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Patrilineal kinship --- Women-hating --- Misanthropy --- Sexual animosity --- History. --- History --- #GROL:MEDO-396'04/14' --- History of civilization --- anno 500-1499 --- Europe --- Femmes --- Histoire sociale --- Misogynie --- Patriarcat (Sociologie) --- Amour --- Histoire --- Middle Ages, 500-1500 --- romantic love, romance, misogyny, medieval, gender studies, feminism, women, idealization, purity, liberation, aesthetics, theology, virginity, feminine flesh, courtly, chivalry, church fathers, poets, middle ages, social history, nonfiction, literary theory, molestiae nuptiarum, yahwist creation, heiress, dowager, possessions, finance, economics, money, perfection, power, french lay, male indiscretion, infidelity, sexuality, monogamy.

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This original and historically rich book examines the influence of gender in shaping the Egyptian nation from the nineteenth century through the revolution of 1919 and into the 1940's. In Egypt as a Woman, Beth Baron divides her narrative into two strands: the first analyzes the gendered language and images of the nation, and the second considers the political activities of women nationalists. She shows that, even though women were largely excluded from participation in the state, the visual imagery of nationalism was replete with female figures. Baron juxtaposes the idealization of the family and the feminine in nationalist rhetoric with transformations in elite households and the work of women activists striving for national independence.

Feminism --- Nationalism --- Gender identity --- Women --- Emancipation of women --- Feminist movement --- Women's lib --- Women's liberation --- Women's liberation movement --- Women's movement --- Social movements --- Anti-feminism --- Sex identity (Gender identity) --- Sexual identity (Gender identity) --- Identity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Queer theory --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Political activity --- Emancipation --- Egypt --- Politics and government. --- Political activity. --- Women -- Egypt -- Political activity.. --- Women -- Middle East.. --- Gender identity -- Egypt.. --- Nationalism -- Egypt.. --- Feminism -- Egypt.. --- Egypt -- Politics and government. --- Gender dysphoria --- 19th century egyptian culture. --- 20th century egyptian culture. --- british occupation. --- egypt. --- egyptian honor. --- egyptian nation. --- egyptian nationalism. --- egyptian revolution of 1919. --- egyptian revolution. --- ethnicity. --- family. --- female figures. --- feminine. --- gender studies. --- gender. --- gendered images. --- gendered language. --- history. --- idealization of the family. --- islam. --- islamic activists. --- national independence. --- nationalism. --- nationalist iconography. --- political. --- politics. --- religion. --- slavery. --- the wafd. --- wafd party. --- women activists. --- women nationalists.

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This is a concise, comprehensive, and accessible introduction to the philosophy of biology written by a leading authority on the subject. Geared to philosophers, biologists, and students of both, the book provides sophisticated and innovative coverage of the central topics and many of the latest developments in the field. Emphasizing connections between biological theories and other areas of philosophy, and carefully explaining both philosophical and biological terms, Peter Godfrey-Smith discusses the relation between philosophy and science; examines the role of laws, mechanistic explanation, and idealized models in biological theories; describes evolution by natural selection; and assesses attempts to extend Darwin’s mechanism to explain changes in ideas, culture, and other phenomena. Further topics include functions and teleology, individuality and organisms, species, the tree of life, and human nature. The book closes with detailed, cutting-edge treatments of the evolution of cooperation, of information in biology, and of the role of communication in living systems at all scales. Authoritative and up-to-date, this is an essential guide for anyone interested in the important philosophical issues raised by the biological sciences.

Biology --- Philosophy --- Biology - Philosophy --- Vitalism --- Philosophy. --- Allele. --- Altruism. --- Ambiguity. --- Asexual reproduction. --- Bacteria. --- Behavior. --- Ben Kerr. --- Biological Theory (journal). --- Biologist. --- Biology. --- Causality. --- Cell biology. --- Cell division. --- Ceteris paribus. --- Charles Darwin. --- Chromosome. --- Cistron. --- Cladistics. --- Common descent. --- Computation. --- Cooperation. --- Copying. --- Darwinism. --- Derek. --- Developmental biology. --- Ecology. --- Elliott Sober. --- Emergence. --- Eukaryote. --- Evolution of the eye. --- Evolution. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Evolutionary game theory. --- Explanation. --- Fitness (biology). --- Further (bus). --- Gene Frequency. --- Gene expression. --- Gene pool. --- Gene product. --- Gene. --- Genotype. --- Gregor Mendel. --- Harvard University. --- Idealization. --- Interactor. --- John Maynard Smith. --- Kim Sterelny. --- Kin selection. --- Kleiber's law. --- Kritika (journal). --- Marc Ereshefsky. --- Mating. --- Mendelian inheritance. --- Metabolism. --- Model organism. --- Molecular biology. --- Molecule. --- Multicellular organism. --- Natural selection. --- Nucleic acid sequence. --- Nucleotide. --- On the Origin of Species. --- Organism. --- Phenotype. --- Phenotypic plasticity. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy of biology. --- Philosophy of science. --- Phylogenetics. --- Phylum. --- Physical law. --- Plant breeding. --- Prisoner's dilemma. --- Probability. --- Protein. --- RNA. --- Regulation of gene expression. --- Reproduction. --- Reproductive success. --- Result. --- Ribosome. --- Richard Dawkins. --- Scientist. --- Sexual reproduction. --- Single-nucleotide polymorphism. --- Skillings. --- Species. --- Spontaneous generation. --- Stanford University. --- Student (magazine). --- The Philosopher. --- Theory. --- Trade-off. --- Trait theory. --- Unit of selection. --- Universal Darwinism. --- Weisberg. --- Willi Hennig. --- Writing.

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In this book, Sara Monoson challenges the longstanding and widely held view that Plato is a virulent opponent of all things democratic. She does not, however, offer in its place the equally mistaken idea that he is somehow a partisan of democracy. Instead, she argues that we should attend more closely to Plato's suggestion that democracy is horrifying and exciting, and she seeks to explain why he found it morally and politically intriguing. Monoson focuses on Plato's engagement with democracy as he knew it: a cluster of cultural practices that reach into private and public life, as well as a set of governing institutions. She proposes that while Plato charts tensions between the claims of democratic legitimacy and philosophical truth, he also exhibits a striking attraction to four practices central to Athenian democratic politics: intense antityrantism, frank speaking, public funeral oratory, and theater-going. By juxtaposing detailed examination of these aspects of Athenian democracy with analysis of the figurative language, dramatic structure, and arguments of the dialogues, she shows that Plato systematically links democratic ideals and activities to philosophic labor. Monoson finds that Plato's political thought exposes intimate connections between Athenian democratic politics and the practice of philosophy. Situating Plato's political thought in the context of the Athenian democratic imaginary, Monoson develops a new, textured way of thinking of the relationship between Plato's thought and the politics of his city.

Democracy --- History --- Plato --- Views on democracy --- -Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- -Aflāṭūn --- Aplaton --- Bolatu --- Platon, --- Platonas --- Platone --- Po-la-tʻu --- Pʻŭllatʻo --- Pʻŭllatʻon --- Pʻuratʻon --- Πλάτων --- אפלטון --- פלאטא --- פלאטאן --- פלאטו --- أفلاطون --- 柏拉圖 --- 플라톤 --- History. --- Views on democracy. --- Self-government --- Aflāṭūn --- Plato. --- Platon --- Platoon --- Платон --- プラトン --- Democracy - Greece - Athens - History --- Plato - Views on democracy --- Aeschylus. --- Against Timarchus. --- Allan Bloom. --- Allegory of the Cave. --- Allusion. --- Ancient Greece. --- Aristotle. --- Athenian Democracy. --- Bribery. --- Callicles. --- Cambridge University Press. --- Citizenship. --- Classical Athens. --- Constitution of the Athenians. --- Critias (dialogue). --- Critias. --- Criticism of democracy. --- Criticism. --- Critique. --- Deliberation. --- Democracy. --- Democratic ideals. --- Demosthenes. --- Ethics. --- Ethos. --- Euripides. --- Exclusion. --- Explanation. --- Fifth-century Athens. --- Funeral oration (ancient Greece). --- Glaucon. --- Gorgias (dialogue). --- Gorgias. --- Greatness. --- Greek tragedy. --- Harmodius and Aristogeiton (sculpture). --- Harmodius and Aristogeiton. --- Herodotus. --- Idealization. --- Ideology. --- Imagery. --- Institution. --- Isocrates. --- Isonomia. --- Josiah Ober. --- Literature. --- Martha Nussbaum. --- Masculinity. --- Menexenus (dialogue). --- Metaphor. --- Metic. --- Multitude. --- Narrative. --- Oligarchy. --- One Hundred Years of Homosexuality. --- Oxford University Press. --- Parrhesia. --- Pederasty in ancient Greece. --- Pericles' Funeral Oration. --- Pericles. --- Phaedrus (dialogue). --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy. --- Pierre Vidal-Naquet. --- Platonic Academy. --- Political dissent. --- Political philosophy. --- Political science. --- Politics. --- Princeton University Press. --- Protagoras. --- Reason. --- Republic (Plato). --- Rhetoric. --- SAGE Publications. --- Self-image. --- Sheldon Wolin. --- Slavery. --- Socratic dialogue. --- Socratic. --- Sophist. --- Sophistication. --- Suggestion. --- The Erotic. --- The Other Hand. --- The Philosopher. --- Theatre of Dionysus. --- Themistocles. --- Theory. --- Thomas Pangle. --- Thought. --- Thucydides. --- Tragedy. --- Tyrannicide. --- Tyrant. --- Voting. --- Wealth. --- Writing. --- Yale University Press.