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Public policy is regularly shaken by health crises or unexpected discoveries; future directions in toxicology assessment are therefore urgently needed. Convergent evidences suggest endocrine or nervous disrupting effects of pesticides, as well as effects on wildlife and the environment. These effects are amplified by the use of surfactants and/or combinations of different active principles. The usual concepts of regulatory toxicology are challenged by endocrine, nervous or immune disruption, or epigenetic effects. Indeed, most pollutants alter cell-cell communication systems to promote chronic diseases. They may accumulate in the food chain. Mixtures effects with other pollutants may change their bioavailability and their toxicity. The lack of scientific knowledge in these matters has large costs for public health. This Research Topic focuses on the toxic effects of pesticides associated with large scale cultivation of genetically modified (GM) plants.

Toxicity --- Bt toxins --- Pesticides --- Neonicotinoids --- Multidisciplinary research --- GM crops --- glyphosate

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Immunoglobulin G --- Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes --- Alleles --- Polysaccharides, Bacterial --- immunology --- genetics

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Tracing through anecdote and science the development of a hotly contended area of research, this account expounds the dawn of genetic engineering in the United States in 1974, through the early stages of its uptake in South Africa, to the current situation, in which approximately 80 percent of maize in South Africa is genetically modified for drought resistance. The guide through this history is Jennifer Thomson, whose own story of how she came to choose genetic modification (GM) as a career and her path-breaking involvement in the development of GM research. S

Genetically modified foods --- GM foods --- Genetically engineered foods --- Food --- Biotechnology --- Thomson, Jennifer A., --- Life Sciences --- Cellular biology (cytology) --- Molecular biology --- Genetics (non-medical) --- GM --- Genetic engineering --- Jennifer Thomson --- GM crops --- Africa --- Drought resistance

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Le débat sur les OGM divise depuis plus de vingt ans différentes parties prenantes dans de nombreux pays du monde et tout particulièrement en France. En fait, ces différents acteurs ont souvent des référentiels différents : le scientifique ou le technologue, le politique, le lanceur d’alertes, les médias, les professionnels de l’agriculture, de l’agrofourniture et de l’agroalimentaire. Qu’est-ce qu’un OGM ? Quel est le développement des OGM dans le monde ? Y-a-t-il des OGM autres que végétaux ? Quel est l’impact des plantes génétiquement modifiées sur la santé, l’environnement, l’économie ? Permettront-elles d’aider à faire face aux défis démographiques et climatiques du XXIe siècle ? Les OGM peuvent-ils coexister avec les autres formes d’agriculture ? Bloquent-ils l’utilisation des semences et l’accès à la diversité génétique ? L’ambition de ce livre est d’éclairer le débat en mettant à la portée de tous nos concitoyens les données essentielles. Servir de relais entre le monde scientifique et technique et la société civile est en effet un des rôles majeurs dévolus à l’Académie des technologies. Bernard Le Buanec, agronome et biologiste végétal, est membre fondateur de l’Académie des technologies et membre de l’Académie d’agriculture de France. Il s’est occupé d’agronomie et d’amélioration des plantes. Il a publié de nombreux articles et participé à plusieurs livres sur le sujet au cours des trente dernières années.

Genetically modified foods. --- Le Buanec, Bernard. --- GM foods --- Genetically engineered foods --- Food --- Biotechnology --- Buanec, Bernard le

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Genetically modified foods. --- Food --- Food biotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Genetically modified foods --- GM foods --- Genetically engineered foods --- Biotechnology.