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The combination of conflict, food insecurity, and displacement generates competing claims for financial resources that stretch the donors' ability to provide funding and the humanitarian organizations' capacity to provide social assistance. The paper uses Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and related indexes to determine the optimal targeting strategy of a food voucher program for refugees. The estimations focus on the 2014 food vouchers administered by the World Food Programme to Syrian refugees in Jordan. The analysis uses data collected by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Based on a poverty model, Receiver Operating Characteristic curves are used to optimize coverage and leakage rates under budget constraints. The paper shows how policy makers can use these instruments to fine-tune targeting using coverage rates, budgets, or poverty lines as guiding principles to increase the overall efficiency of a program. As humanitarian organizations operate under increasing budget constraints and increasing demands for efficiency, the proposed approach addresses both concerns.

Food Vouchers --- Receiver Operating Characteristics Curves --- Refugees --- Targeting

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The longstanding "cash versus food" debate has received renewed attention in both research and practice. This paper reviews key issues shaping the debate and presents new evidence from randomized and quasi-experimental evaluations that deliberately compare cash and in-kind food transfers in ten developing counties. Findings show that relative effectiveness cannot be generalized: although some differences emerge in terms of food consumption and dietary diversity, average impacts tend to depend on context, specific objectives, and their measurement. Costs for cash transfers and vouchers tend to be significantly lower relative to in-kind food. Yet the consistency and robustness of methods for efficiency analyses varies greatly.

Administrative Costs. --- Agricultural Activities. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Agriculture. --- Assistance Programs. --- Bars. --- Beneficiary. --- Bread. --- Cash Assistance. --- Cash Interventions. --- Cash Payments. --- Cash Transfer Programs. --- Cash Transfer. --- Cassava. --- Cereals. --- Child Growth. --- Child Health. --- Child Nutrition. --- Chocolate. --- Conditional Cash. --- Conditional Transfer. --- Corn. --- Dairy. --- Distribution Program. --- Distribution System. --- Dried Fish. --- Drought. --- Economic Growth. --- Education Programs. --- Eggs. --- Emergency Food. --- Famine. --- Feeding Programs. --- Flour. --- Food Aid. --- Food and Beverage Industry. --- Food Assistance Programs. --- Food Assistance. --- Food Availability. --- Food Commodities. --- Food Consumption. --- Food Distribution. --- Food Expenditures. --- Food Fortification. --- Food Insecurity. --- Food Policy. --- Food Prices. --- Food Producers. --- Food Production. --- Food Programmes. --- Food Programs. --- Food Provision. --- Food Ration. --- Food Rations. --- Food Relief. --- Food Security. --- Food Shortage. --- Food Stamp. --- Food Supply. --- Food Transfer. --- Food Vouchers. --- Food. --- Foods. --- Fruit. --- Global Food Production. --- Grains. --- Health Centers. --- Health Program. --- Health, Nutrition and Population. --- Home Ration. --- Household Consumption. --- Household Food Security. --- Household Income. --- Household Level. --- Household Size. --- Household Surveys. --- Household Welfare. --- Human Resources. --- Humanitarian Response. --- Income Transfer. --- Income. --- Industry. --- International Social Security. --- Labeling. --- Labor Supply. --- Lean Season. --- Legumes. --- Logistics. --- Maintenance Program. --- Maize. --- Malnutrition. --- Market Prices. --- Maternal-Child Health. --- Meal. --- Measures. --- Meat. --- Milk Powder. --- Natural Disasters. --- Nutrition Assistance. --- Nutrition Programs. --- Nutrition Training. --- Nutrition. --- Nutritional Benefits. --- Palm Oil. --- Pasta. --- Peanuts. --- Pensions. --- Political Economy. --- Poor. --- Potatoes. --- Poverty Line. --- Poverty Reduction. --- Poverty. --- Protection Systems. --- Provision of Goods. --- Public Action. --- Public Distribution System. --- Public Works. --- Pulses. --- Purchasing Power. --- Rations. --- Red Beans. --- Refugee Camps. --- Resource Allocation. --- Rice. --- Risk Management. --- Risks. --- Rural Poverty Reduction. --- Safety Net Programs. --- Safety Net Transfers. --- Safety Net. --- Safety Nets and Transfers. --- Savings. --- School Feeding Programs. --- School Feeding. --- School Fees. --- School Meals. --- Share of Transfers. --- Social Contract. --- Social Pensions. --- Social Protection. --- Social Protections and Labor. --- Social Safety Nets. --- Social Security. --- Social Spending. --- Social Transfer. --- Social Transfers. --- Staple Foods. --- Starch. --- Subsidies. --- Sugar. --- Supermarket. --- Targeting. --- Temporary Employment. --- Transaction Costs. --- Transfer Amount. --- Transfer Program. --- Transfers in Cash. --- Transfers. --- Tubers. --- Ultra Poor. --- Vegetables. --- Vouchers. --- Vulnerable Group. --- Welfare. --- Wheat Flour. --- Wheat. --- Works Program. --- World Food Programme.