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This book is the first to comprehensively explore elasticity imaging and examines recent, important developments in asymptotic imaging, modeling, and analysis of deterministic and stochastic elastic wave propagation phenomena. It derives the best possible functional images for small inclusions and cracks within the context of stability and resolution, and introduces a topological derivative-based imaging framework for detecting elastic inclusions in the time-harmonic regime. For imaging extended elastic inclusions, accurate optimal control methodologies are designed and the effects of uncertainties of the geometric or physical parameters on stability and resolution properties are evaluated. In particular, the book shows how localized damage to a mechanical structure affects its dynamic characteristics, and how measured eigenparameters are linked to elastic inclusion or crack location, orientation, and size. Demonstrating a novel method for identifying, locating, and estimating inclusions and cracks in elastic structures, the book opens possibilities for a mathematical and numerical framework for elasticity imaging of nanoparticles and cellular structures.

Elasticity --- Elastic properties --- Young's modulus --- Mathematical physics --- Matter --- Statics --- Rheology --- Strains and stresses --- Strength of materials --- Mathematics. --- Properties --- Dirichlet function. --- Helmholtz decomposition theorem. --- Helmholtz decomposition. --- HelmholtzЋirchhoff identities. --- Kelvin matrix. --- Kirchhoff migration. --- Lam system. --- MUSIC algorithm. --- Neumann boundary condition. --- anisotropic elasticity. --- asymptotic expansion. --- asymptotic formula. --- asymptotic imaging. --- ball. --- boundary displacement. --- boundary perturbation. --- boundary value problem. --- boundedness. --- cellular structure. --- compressional modulus. --- crack. --- density parameter. --- direct imaging. --- discrepancy function. --- displacement field. --- displacement. --- elastic coefficient. --- elastic equation. --- elastic inclusion. --- elastic moment tensor. --- elastic structure. --- elastic wave equation. --- elastic wave propagation. --- elastic wave. --- elasticity equation. --- elasticity imaging. --- elasticity. --- ellipse. --- energy functional. --- extended inclusion. --- extended source term. --- extended target. --- far-field measurement. --- filtered quadratic misfit. --- function space. --- gradient scheme. --- hard inclusion. --- hard inclusions. --- heterogeneous shear distribution. --- high contrast coefficient. --- hole. --- imaging functional. --- inclusion. --- incompressible limit. --- internal displacement measurement. --- layer potential. --- linear elasticity. --- linear transformation. --- linearized reconstruction problem. --- measurement noise. --- medium noise. --- nanoparticle. --- nonlinear optimization problem. --- nonlinear problem. --- operator-valued function. --- optimal control. --- potential energy functional. --- pressure. --- radiation condition. --- random fluctuation. --- resolution. --- reverse-time migration. --- scalar wave equation. --- search algorithm. --- shape change. --- shape deformation. --- shape. --- shear distribution. --- shear modulus. --- shear wave. --- small crack. --- small inclusion. --- small-volume expansion. --- small-volume inclusion. --- soft inclusion. --- stability analysis. --- stability. --- static regime. --- stochastic modeling. --- time-harmonic regime. --- time-reversal imaging. --- topological derivative. --- vibration testing.

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This book gives a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to the theory of symmetric Markov processes and symmetric quasi-regular Dirichlet forms. In a detailed and accessible manner, Zhen-Qing Chen and Masatoshi Fukushima cover the essential elements and applications of the theory of symmetric Markov processes, including recurrence/transience criteria, probabilistic potential theory, additive functional theory, and time change theory. The authors develop the theory in a general framework of symmetric quasi-regular Dirichlet forms in a unified manner with that of regular Dirichlet forms, emphasizing the role of extended Dirichlet spaces and the rich interplay between the probabilistic and analytic aspects of the theory. Chen and Fukushima then address the latest advances in the theory, presented here for the first time in any book. Topics include the characterization of time-changed Markov processes in terms of Douglas integrals and a systematic account of reflected Dirichlet spaces, and the important roles such advances play in the boundary theory of symmetric Markov processes. This volume is an ideal resource for researchers and practitioners, and can also serve as a textbook for advanced graduate students. It includes examples, appendixes, and exercises with solutions.

Markov processes. --- Boundary value problems. --- Dirichlet problem. --- Beurling-Deny decomposition. --- Beurling-Deny formula. --- Brownian motions. --- Dirichlet forms. --- Dirichlet spaces. --- Douglas integrals. --- Feller measures. --- Hausdorff topological space. --- Markovian symmetric operators. --- Silverstein extension. --- additive functional theory. --- additive functionals. --- analytic concepts. --- analytic potential theory. --- boundary theory. --- countable boundary. --- decompositions. --- energy functional. --- extended Dirichlet spaces. --- fine properties. --- harmonic functions. --- harmonicity. --- hitting distributions. --- irreducibility. --- lateral condition. --- local properties. --- m-tight special Borel. --- many-point extensions. --- one-point extensions. --- part processes. --- path behavior. --- perturbed Dirichlet forms. --- positive continuous additive functionals. --- probabilistic derivation. --- probabilistic potential theory. --- quasi properties. --- quasi-homeomorphism. --- quasi-regular Dirichlet forms. --- recurrence. --- reflected Dirichlet spaces. --- reflecting Brownian motions. --- reflecting extensions. --- regular Dirichlet forms. --- regular recurrent Dirichlet forms. --- smooth measures. --- symmetric Hunt processes. --- symmetric Markov processes. --- symmetric Markovian semigroups. --- terminal random variables. --- time change theory. --- time changes. --- time-changed process. --- transience. --- transient regular Dirichlet forms.

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This text provides a definitive proof of global nonlinear stability of Minkowski space-time as a solution of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations of general relativity. Along the way, a novel robust analytical framework is developed, which extends to more general matter models.

General relativity (Physics). --- Klein-Gordon equation. --- Mathematical physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Mathematical & Computational. --- Addition. --- Algebraic structure. --- Antiderivative. --- Approximation. --- Asymptote. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Bending. --- Big O notation. --- Bootstrapping (statistics). --- Calculation. --- Cauchy distribution. --- Coefficient. --- Combination. --- Compact space. --- Complex number. --- Computation. --- Conserved quantity. --- Coordinate system. --- Coordinate-free. --- Covariant derivative. --- Derivative. --- Differential operator. --- Dispersion relation. --- Einstein field equations. --- Energy functional. --- Equation. --- Estimation. --- Exponential growth. --- Foliation. --- Fourier analysis. --- Fourier transform. --- Function (mathematics). --- Function space. --- General relativity. --- Geodesic. --- Geodesics in general relativity. --- Geographic coordinate system. --- Geometry. --- Global analysis. --- Globality. --- High frequency. --- Hyperboloid. --- Hypersurface. --- Hypothesis. --- Implementation. --- Ingredient. --- Integration by parts. --- Interpolation inequality. --- Klein–Gordon equation. --- Light cone. --- Local coordinates. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Metric tensor (general relativity). --- Metric tensor. --- Minkowski space. --- Momentum. --- Monograph. --- Monotonic function. --- Nonlinear system. --- Optics. --- Parametrization. --- Partial differential equation. --- Pointwise. --- Poisson bracket. --- Quantity. --- Remainder. --- Result. --- Riemann curvature tensor. --- Scalar field. --- Scattering. --- Schwarzschild metric. --- Scientific notation. --- Second fundamental form. --- Simultaneous equations. --- Small data. --- Small number. --- Sobolev space. --- Soliton. --- Space. --- Stability theory. --- Stress–energy tensor. --- Support (mathematics). --- Symmetrization. --- Theorem. --- Time derivative. --- Timelike Infinity. --- Trace (linear algebra). --- Two-dimensional space. --- Vacuum. --- Vector field. --- Very low frequency. --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Schrödinger-Klein-Gordon equation --- Quantum field theory --- Wave equation --- Relativistic theory of gravitation --- Relativity theory, General --- Gravitation --- Mathematics --- General relativity (Physics) --- Science. --- Physics.