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Among the OECD countries, Turkey figures as a comparative latecomer to regulatory reform. Yet, there is a crucial need for it. Over the last three decades, the Turkish economy has suffered from macro-economic instability and chronic inflation, with implications for both investment and growth. Governance and regulatory structures remained weak and contributed also to the 2001 economic crisis. Nonetheless, this review notes the highly encouraging efforts currently being undertaken to reform key economic sectors, the public administration and the regulatory framework. These developments appear to mark a fundamental break with the past. Important elements, such as a clear competition policy, are already in place. Fighting corruption, among other measures, is high on the policy agenda, and constitutional amendments are reshaping the relationship between citizens and the state. The "depoliticisation" of the public sector and its renewal on a merit basis is underway. Future success will depend crucially on the continuing implementation of the programme. In particular, sustained political commitment is required well beyond the recovery from the recent crisis.
Turkey -- Economic conditions. --- Turkey -- Economic Reform. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Turkey --- Economic conditions. --- Governance --- Economic Reform
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chinese economy --- institutional change --- economic reform --- labor share --- business environment --- air pollution
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In this work, comprehensive comparative information on five Central European countries has been collected by teams of researchers from both within the region and from the West. Following an introduction to the economic environment in each country, it provides an overview of the privatization process, including an account of the legal framework of ownership, institutions for state regulation, an overview of privatization programmes and the initial transformation of enterprises. A key feature of the book is the authors' access to hitherto unavailable information and their ability to present a vast amount of material in an easily available format. Aimed at policy makers and business people, the work should provide a strong foundation for future research.
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While Latin America accounts for approximately 7 percent of the world economy, easily accessible information on the economies of the region is not always easy to find. The existing literature on Latin American economics usually assumes some previous familiarity with the region and is focused on government policy choices. The Economies of Latin America is a book for the general reader needing a quick introduction to the economics of the region. The book is composed of three parts: the first explains Latin America’s economic history and a description of the central economic challenges of the region. The second offers country-specific details. The final part deals with the economic future of the region where the authors put forth a Latin American version of success. This book is a useful, in-depth introduction for students of Latin American economics as well as the general reader.
Economic development. --- Economic history. --- Since 1982 --- Latin America --- Economic conditions --- Economic growth. --- Economic policy. --- Economic reform. --- Economics. --- Latin America.
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Fiscal policy --- Monetary policy --- Fiscal policy --- Monetary policy --- Inflation (Finance) --- Monetary policy --- Politique fiscale --- Politique monétaire --- Politique fiscale --- Politique monétaire --- Inflation --- Politique monétaire --- Fiscal policy. --- Inflation (Finance) --- Monetary policy. --- Periodicals. --- Periodicals. --- Periodicals. --- Periodicals. --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques. --- Périodiques. --- Périodiques. --- Périodiques. --- Périodiques. --- Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform (Waterloo, Ont.) --- Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform (Waterloo, Ont.) --- Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform (Waterloo, Ont.) --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques. --- Canada. --- United States.
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Fiscal policy --- Monetary policy --- Inflation (Finance) --- Politique fiscale --- Politique monétaire --- Inflation --- Fiscal policy. --- Monetary policy. --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques. --- Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform (Waterloo, Ont.) --- Canada. --- United States.
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This paper offers a new economic explanation for the observed inter-industry differences in the size distribution of firms. The empirical estimates-based on three temporal (1982, 1987, and 1992) cross-sections of the four-digit United States manufacturing industries-indicate that increased market contestability, as signified by low sunk costs, tends to reduce the dispersion of firm sizes. These findings provide support for one of the key predictions of the theory of contestable markets: that market forces under contestability would tend to render any inefficient organization of the industry unsustainable and, consequently, tighten the distribution of firms around the optimum.
Access to Markets --- Affiliated organizations --- Debt Markets --- Economic performance --- Economic reform --- Economic Theory & Research --- Industry --- Market access --- Markets and Market Access --- Multinational firms --- Water and Industry
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There has been a growing interest in what have come to be termed "multidimensional indices of poverty." Advocates for these new indices correctly point out that command over market goods is not all that matters to peoples' well-being, and that other factors need to be considered when quantifying the extent of poverty and informing policy making for fighting poverty. However, the author argues that there are two poorly understood issues in assessing these indices. First, does one believe that any single index can ever be a sufficient statistic for poverty assessments? Second, when aggregation is called for, should it be done in the space of "attainments," using prices when appropriate, or that of "deprivations," using weights set by the analyst? The paper argues that the goal for future poverty monitoring efforts should be to develop a credible set of multiple indices, spanning the dimensions of poverty most relevant to a specific setting, rather than a single multidimensional index. When weights are needed, they shouldn't be set solely by an analyst measuring poverty. Rather, they should be, as much as possible, consistent with well-informed choices made by poor people.
Achieving Shared Growth --- Debt Markets --- Domestic Market --- Economic Change --- Economic Reform --- Investment Criteria --- Market Access --- Markets and Market Access --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Services & Transfers to Poor
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This paper offers a new economic explanation for the observed inter-industry differences in the size distribution of firms. The empirical estimates-based on three temporal (1982, 1987, and 1992) cross-sections of the four-digit United States manufacturing industries-indicate that increased market contestability, as signified by low sunk costs, tends to reduce the dispersion of firm sizes. These findings provide support for one of the key predictions of the theory of contestable markets: that market forces under contestability would tend to render any inefficient organization of the industry unsustainable and, consequently, tighten the distribution of firms around the optimum.
Access to Markets --- Affiliated organizations --- Debt Markets --- Economic performance --- Economic reform --- Economic Theory & Research --- Industry --- Market access --- Markets and Market Access --- Multinational firms --- Water and Industry
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There has been a growing interest in what have come to be termed "multidimensional indices of poverty." Advocates for these new indices correctly point out that command over market goods is not all that matters to peoples' well-being, and that other factors need to be considered when quantifying the extent of poverty and informing policy making for fighting poverty. However, the author argues that there are two poorly understood issues in assessing these indices. First, does one believe that any single index can ever be a sufficient statistic for poverty assessments? Second, when aggregation is called for, should it be done in the space of "attainments," using prices when appropriate, or that of "deprivations," using weights set by the analyst? The paper argues that the goal for future poverty monitoring efforts should be to develop a credible set of multiple indices, spanning the dimensions of poverty most relevant to a specific setting, rather than a single multidimensional index. When weights are needed, they shouldn't be set solely by an analyst measuring poverty. Rather, they should be, as much as possible, consistent with well-informed choices made by poor people.
Achieving Shared Growth --- Debt Markets --- Domestic Market --- Economic Change --- Economic Reform --- Investment Criteria --- Market Access --- Markets and Market Access --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Services & Transfers to Poor
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