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The volume contains a selection of papers originally presented at the symposium on "Areal patterns of grammaticalization and cross-linguistic variation in grammaticalization scenarios" held on 12-14 March 2015 at Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. The papers, written by leading scholars combining expertise in historical linguistics and grammaticalization research, study variation in grammaticalization scenarios in a variety of language families (Slavic, Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, Bantu, Mande, "Khoisan", Siouan, and Mayan). The volume stands out in the vast literature on grammaticalization by focusing on variation in grammaticalization scenarios and areal patterns in grammaticalization. Apart from documenting new grammaticalization paths, the volume makes a methodological contribution as it addresses an important question of how to reconcile universal outcomes of grammaticalization processes with the fact that the input to these processes is language-specific and construction-specific.

Linguistics --- Grammaticalization. --- Grammaticalization --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantics --- Syntax --- historical linguistics --- areal patterns in grammaticalization --- grammaticalization --- variation in grammaticalization scenarios --- methodology --- Copula (linguistics) --- Demonstrative --- Morphology (linguistics) --- Perfective aspect --- Verb --- Yucatec Maya language --- Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics --- Language Arts & Disciplines / Grammar & Punctuation --- Language arts

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A boldly innovative study of nonverbal communication in the poetry and prose of Hellenic antiquityWhen a Gesture Was Expected encourages a deeper appreciation of ancient Greek poetry and prose by showing where a nod of the head or a wave of the hand can complete meaning in epic poetry and in tragedy, comedy, oratory, and in works of history and philosophy. All these works anticipated performing readers, and, as a result, they included prompts, places where a gesture could complete a sentence or amplify or comment on the written words. In this radical and highly accessible book, Alan Boegehold urges all readers to supplement the traditional avenues of classical philology with an awareness of the uses of nonverbal communication in Hellenic antiquity. This additional resource helps to explain some persistently confusing syntaxes and to make translations more accurate. It also imparts a living breath to these immortal texts.Where part of a work appears to be missing, or the syntax is irregular, or the words seem contradictory or perverse—without evidence of copyists' errors or physical damage—an ancient author may have been assuming that a performing reader would make the necessary clarifying gesture. Boegehold offers analyses of many such instances in selected passages ranging from Homer to Aeschylus to Plato. He also presents a review of sources of information about such gestures in antiquity as well as thirty illustrations, some documenting millennia-long continuities in nonverbal communication.

Greek literature --- Gesture in literature --- Nonverbal communication in literature. --- Body language in literature. --- Langage corporel dans la littérature --- Littérature grecque --- Gestes dans la littérature --- Langage du corps dans la littérature --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- Nonverbal communication in literature --- Body language in literature --- Gesture --- History and criticism --- History --- -Gesture in literature --- -Nonverbal communication in literature --- Balkan literature --- Byzantine literature --- Classical literature --- Classical philology --- Greek philology --- Mudra --- Acting --- Body language --- Elocution --- Movement (Acting) --- Oratory --- Sign language --- Nonverbal communication (Psychology) in literature --- Gesture in literature. --- History. --- Langage corporel dans la littérature --- Littérature grecque --- Gestes dans la littérature --- Langage du corps dans la littérature --- Greek literature - History and criticism --- Gesture - Greece - History --- Aeschylus. --- Agathon. --- Alcman. --- Allegory. --- Allusion. --- Andocides. --- Antithesis. --- Aorist. --- Aphorism. --- Aposiopesis. --- Aristophanes. --- Attempt. --- Author. --- Characterization. --- Concept. --- Conditional sentence. --- Consciousness. --- Consequent. --- Consideration. --- Contexts. --- Critias (dialogue). --- Critias. --- Decorum. --- Demonstrative. --- Demosthenes. --- Elaboration. --- Emblem. --- Epigram. --- Eudaimonia. --- Euripides. --- Euthyphro. --- Evocation. --- Explanation. --- Exposition (narrative). --- Facial expression. --- Fine art. --- Genre. --- Gesture. --- God. --- Gorgias. --- Haplography. --- Heliaia. --- Hermetica. --- Herodotus. --- Humour. --- Idealism. --- Illustration. --- Imagination. --- Inference. --- Irony. --- Laertes. --- Literal translation. --- Literature. --- Modal particle. --- Monadology. --- Narrative. --- Nicias. --- Nonverbal communication. --- Ontology. --- Ostanes. --- Parmenides. --- Parody. --- Philosophy. --- Phrase. --- Pindar. --- Plautus. --- Priam. --- Protagoras. --- Protasis. --- Publication. --- Punctuation. --- Quintilian. --- Quotation. --- Religion. --- Rhapsode. --- Rhetorical device. --- Sarpedon. --- Scholasticism. --- Scrutiny. --- Simulacrum. --- Sophist (dialogue). --- Sophist. --- Sophocles. --- Suggestion. --- Supplication. --- Sycophant. --- Tecmessa. --- Terence. --- Teucer. --- Theory of Forms. --- Thought. --- Thucydides. --- Timon of Phlius. --- Tiresias. --- To This Day. --- Treatise. --- Usage. --- Utterance. --- V. --- Verisimilitude.

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Syntax of Dutch presents a synthesis of formal linguistic research of the Dutch language from over forty years of scholarship. It is primarily concerned with language description, and provides support to all researchers interested in matters relating to the syntax of Dutch. These volumes provide a dense yet highly organized description of the internal structure of the noun phrase as well as its external distribution within the clause. These works are written with a directness and lucidity that makes it accessible to linguists of all kinds, including advanced students. This work, which will published in seven volumes in the period 2012-2016, is an essential addition to the library of any linguist working with Dutch.

Dutch language --- Grammar --- Syntax. --- Flemish language --- Netherlandic language --- Germanic languages --- Dutch language -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Dutch language -- Syntax. --- Syntax --- Noun phrase. --- Noun. --- Language --- The Netherlands --- -Dutch language --- -Languages --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Pays-Bas --- Países Baixos --- Holland --- Spanish Netherlands --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Austrian Netherlands --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Southern Netherlands --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Niderlandy --- Belanda --- Nederland --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Países Bajos --- Holanda --- Nederlân --- Hulanda --- Beulanda --- Niderland --- Niderlande --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Olanda --- Payis-Bâs --- Países Baxos --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Nirlan --- Niderland Krallığı --- Kē-tē-kok --- Landa --- Kerajaan Landa --- Нидерландтар --- Niderlandtar --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Nederlands --- Niadaland --- Holandija --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Països Baixos --- Нидерландсем --- Niderlandsem --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Nizozemsko --- Paesi Bassi --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Iseldiroedd --- Nederlandene --- Niederlande --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Nižozemska --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Madalmaad --- Ολλανδία --- Ollandia --- Hollandia --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Katō Chōres --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Nederlando --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Paisis Bajus --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- هلند --- Huland --- Niðurlond --- Háland --- Paîs Bas --- Neerlande --- Ísiltír --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Hò-làn --- Недерлендин Нутг --- Nederlendin Nutg --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Hōlani --- Nederlandia --- Pais Basse --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Нидерландтæ --- Niderlandtæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Konungsríkið Holland --- הולנד --- Holand --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Walanda --- Hollandi --- Нидерландла --- Niderlandla --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Iseldiryow --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Nederilande --- Нидерланддар --- Niderlanddar --- Uholanzi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Peyiba --- Holenda --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Payises Bashos --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nīderlandeja --- Batavia --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Paixi Basci --- Paes Bass --- Ulanda --- Holland Királyság --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Reino di Hulanda --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Hōrana --- Недерлатт --- Nederlatt --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Tlanitlālpan --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Eben Eyong --- Nederlaand --- オランダ --- Oranda --- オランダ王国 --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ulanna --- Nethiland --- Nederlande --- Holandska --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- 803.93 --- 803.93-56 --- 803.93-56 Nederlands: syntaxis; semantiek --- Nederlands: syntaxis; semantiek --- 803.93 Nederlands. Nederlandse taalkunde --- Nederlands. Nederlandse taalkunde --- Dutch language - Syntax --- dutch and flemish language --- nederlandse taal --- Adverb --- Article (grammar) --- Dative case --- Demonstrative --- Determiner --- Noun --- Noun phrase --- Object (grammar) --- Pronoun --- Quantifier (logic) --- English relative clauses --- Nominalization --- Post-nominal letters --- Relative clause --- Relative pronoun --- Verb