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Most people in the United States today no longer live their lives under the guidance of local institutionalized religious leadership, such as rabbis, ministers, and priests; rather, liberals and conservatives alike have taken charge of their own religious or spiritual practices. This shift, along with other social and cultural changes, has opened up a perhaps surprising space for chaplains-spiritual professionals who usually work with the endorsement of a religious community but do that work away from its immediate hierarchy, ministering in a secular institution, such as a prison, the military, or an airport, to an ever-changing group of clients of widely varying faiths and beliefs. In A Ministry of Presence, Winnifred Fallers Sullivan explores how chaplaincy works in the United States-and in particular how it sits uneasily at the intersection of law and religion, spiritual care, and government regulation. Responsible for ministering to the wandering souls of the globalized economy, the chaplain works with a clientele often unmarked by a specific religious identity, and does so on behalf of a secular institution, like a hospital. Sullivan's examination of the sometimes heroic but often deeply ambiguous work yields fascinating insights into contemporary spiritual life, the politics of religious freedom, and the never-ending negotiation of religion's place in American institutional life.

Chaplains --- Pastoral counseling --- Religion and state --- Religion and law --- Care of souls --- Counseling, Pastoral --- Cure of souls --- Counseling --- Pastoral psychology --- Pastoral care --- Spiritual direction --- Clergy --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- Religious aspects --- chaplain, church, religion, faith, belief, religious studies, clergy, spiritual, spirituality, law, legal issues, litigation, united states, usa, america, american, local, leadership, institutional, rabbi, minister, priest, liberal, conservative, social, cultural, hierarchy, community, interdisciplinary, secular, pastor, counseling, counselor, credential.

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A panoramic history of the antiquarians whose discoveries transformed Renaissance culture and gave rise to new forms of art and knowledgeIn the early fifteenth century, a casket containing the remains of the Roman historian Livy was unearthed at a Benedictine abbey in Padua. The find was greeted with the same enthusiasm as the bones of a Christian saint, and established a pattern that antiquarians would follow for centuries to come. The Art of Discovery tells the stories of the Renaissance antiquarians who turned material remains of the ancient world into sources for scholars and artists, inspirations for palaces and churches, and objects of pilgrimage and devotion.Maren Elisabeth Schwab and Anthony Grafton bring to life some of the most spectacular finds of the age, such as Nero’s Golden House and the wooden placard that was supposedly nailed to the True Cross. They take readers into basements, caves, and cisterns, explaining how digs were undertaken and shedding light on the methods antiquarians—and the alchemists and craftspeople they consulted—used to interpret them. What emerges is not an origin story for modern archaeology or art history but rather an account of how early modern artisanal skills and technical expertise were used to create new knowledge about the past and inspire new forms of art, scholarship, and devotion in the present.The Art of Discovery challenges the notion that Renaissance antiquarianism was strictly a secular enterprise, revealing how the rediscovery of Christian relics and the bones of martyrs helped give rise to highly interdisciplinary ways of examining and authenticating objects of all kinds.

HISTORY / Renaissance. --- Adjective. --- Adverb. --- Aeneid. --- Allegory. --- Anecdote. --- Antiquarian. --- Archaeology. --- Archaism. --- Athanasius Kircher. --- Attempt. --- Brochure. --- Case study. --- Clergy. --- Close-up. --- Connotation. --- Copying. --- Costume. --- Credential. --- David Knowles (scholar). --- De architectura. --- Docimium. --- Domus Aurea. --- Dunstan. --- Effigy. --- Eldridge Cleaver. --- Epigraphy. --- Etruscan art. --- Explanation. --- Exploration. --- Facsimile. --- Famulus. --- Fantasy. --- Feature story. --- Fellow. --- Ferentino. --- Filarete. --- Finding. --- Friar. --- Giorgio Vasari. --- Handbook. --- Ideology. --- Illustration. --- Illustrator. --- Ingenuity. --- Institutio Oratoria. --- Intellectual history. --- Intertitle. --- Journal of the History of Ideas. --- Literature. --- Livy. --- Lovato. --- Magnificence (history of ideas). --- Masculinity. --- Material Evidence. --- Miscegenation. --- Mural. --- Narrative. --- Notary. --- Odor. --- Opportunism. --- Palaeography. --- Panache. --- Parody. --- Philology. --- Philosophy. --- Pigment. --- Poppaea Sabina. --- Porta Nigra. --- Porta Salaria. --- Precentor. --- Pronunciation. --- Protagonist. --- Qualia. --- Quattrocento. --- Quintilian. --- Rediscovery. --- Relic. --- Scientist. --- Sculpture. --- Simultaneity. --- Spelman (music). --- Structuring. --- Subjectivity. --- Subplot. --- Surveying. --- Technology. --- Temperament. --- Terminology. --- Teucer. --- The Archaeologist. --- Thomas Hearne (artist). --- Thought. --- Titulus (inscription). --- Urn. --- Vestibule (architecture). --- Visual arts. --- Vitruvius. --- Voyeurism. --- Work of art. --- Writing.

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How the concept of proof has enabled the creation of mathematical knowledgeThe Story of Proof investigates the evolution of the concept of proof—one of the most significant and defining features of mathematical thought—through critical episodes in its history. From the Pythagorean theorem to modern times, and across all major mathematical disciplines, John Stillwell demonstrates that proof is a mathematically vital concept, inspiring innovation and playing a critical role in generating knowledge.Stillwell begins with Euclid and his influence on the development of geometry and its methods of proof, followed by algebra, which began as a self-contained discipline but later came to rival geometry in its mathematical impact. In particular, the infinite processes of calculus were at first viewed as “infinitesimal algebra,” and calculus became an arena for algebraic, computational proofs rather than axiomatic proofs in the style of Euclid. Stillwell proceeds to the areas of number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, topology, and logic, and peers into the deep chasm between natural number arithmetic and the real numbers. In its depths, Cantor, Gödel, Turing, and others found that the concept of proof is ultimately part of arithmetic. This startling fact imposes fundamental limits on what theorems can be proved and what problems can be solved.Shedding light on the workings of mathematics at its most fundamental levels, The Story of Proof offers a compelling new perspective on the field’s power and progress.

Proof theory. --- Mathematicians. --- Scientists --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Accuracy and precision. --- Addition. --- Aleph number. --- Algorithm. --- Analogy. --- Analysis. --- Archimedean property. --- Associative property. --- Axiom of choice. --- Axiom schema. --- Axiom. --- Bijection. --- Calculation. --- Certainty. --- Coefficient. --- Commutative property. --- Computability theory. --- Computability. --- Computable function. --- Computation. --- Constructible number. --- Constructive analysis. --- Continuous function (set theory). --- Corollary. --- Countable set. --- Credential. --- Dedekind cut. --- Desargues's theorem. --- Determinant. --- Direct proof. --- Equation. --- Equinumerosity. --- Estimation. --- Estimator. --- Extreme value theorem. --- Fundamental theorem. --- Gentzen's consistency proof. --- Geometry. --- Hypotenuse. --- Hypothesis. --- Identifiability. --- Inference. --- Infimum and supremum. --- Infinitesimal. --- Intermediate value theorem. --- Intuitionism. --- Logic. --- Logical connective. --- Mathematical induction. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Maximal element. --- Natural number. --- Number theory. --- Obstacle. --- Ordinal number. --- Peano axioms. --- Permutation group. --- Permutation. --- Planarity. --- Playfair's axiom. --- Polygon. --- Polynomial. --- Power set. --- Predicate logic. --- Prediction. --- Prime factor. --- Prime number. --- Proof by infinite descent. --- Pythagorean theorem. --- Quantifier (logic). --- Quantity. --- Quaternion. --- Quintic function. --- Rational number. --- Real number. --- Reason. --- Recursively enumerable set. --- Rule of inference. --- Satisfiability. --- Self-reference. --- Sequence. --- Set theory. --- Special case. --- Staffing. --- Subsequence. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Symbolic computation. --- Symmetry group. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Total order. --- Truth value. --- Turing machine. --- Unit square. --- Vector space. --- Well-order. --- Zorn's lemma.

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"Despite assertions about the unprecedented nature of his presidency, few of Trump's policies have been novel; many had been proposed in varied form throughout the latter years of the 20th century. Yet it was not until 9/11 that many of these policies started to take hold. In this intellectual and political history, Greenberg traces the evolving language, law, governance and policy that began to redefine the nation in the wake of 9/11 and shows how these took a transformative step forward under Donald Trump. Rampant executive power, exceptionalism in foreign affairs, racism and xenophobia, disinformation, and a disdain for the law-all found secure footing initially after the attacks of 9/11 and with new energy and rootedness in the era of Trump. Ultimately, Greenberg shows how Trump repurposed the war on terror playbook and turned it on democracy itself. The book outlines the "subtle tools" that were put into place in the wake of 9/11 and that paved the way for Trump's politics today: imprecision and vagueness in language, secrecy and the hiding of facts, bureaucratic porousness, and the abandonment of norms. Greenberg shows, for instance, how the all-encompassing language used in the Authorizations for Use of Military Force (which ultimately authorized the Iraq War) became characteristic of other policies, providing legal grounding for previously illegal practices like the indefinite detention of "detainees" at Guantanamo Bay and of children and adults at the southern border. These tools--subtle enough to evade public scrutiny--hold the key, Greenberg argues, to understanding the trajectory of our democracy over the last two decades. In mapping out democratic vulnerabilities, the book also points to the reforms that would be needed to strengthen and ground American governance. Overall, the result is a book deeply grounded in interview, legal documents, and archival work that finds a new origin point for the story of the Trump-era and reveals the deep connection between the war and terror and our current political life"-- "How policies forged after September 11 were weaponized under Trump and turned on American democracy itself. In the wake of the September 11 terror attacks, the American government implemented a wave of overt policies to fight the nation's enemies. Unseen and undetected by the public, however, another set of tools were brought to bear on the domestic front. In this riveting book, one of today's leading experts on the US security state shows how these "subtle tools" imperiled the very foundations of democracy, from the separation of powers and transparency in government to adherence to the Constitution.Taking readers from Ground Zero to the Capitol insurrection, Karen Greenberg describes the subtle tools that were forged under George W. Bush in the name of security: imprecise language, bureaucratic confusion, secrecy, and the bypassing of procedural and legal norms. While the power and legacy of these tools lasted into the Obama years, reliance on them increased exponentially in the Trump era, both in the fight against terrorism abroad and in battles closer to home. Greenberg discusses how the Trump administration weaponized these tools to separate families at the border, suppress Black Lives Matter protests, and attempt to overturn the 2020 presidential election.Revealing the deeper consequences of the war on terror, Subtle Tools paints a troubling portrait of an increasingly undemocratic America where disinformation, xenophobia, and disdain for the law became the new norm, and where the subtle tools of national security threatened democracy itself"--

War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism, 2001-2009 --- Global War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- GWOT, 2001-2009 (War on Terrorism) --- Terror War, 2001-2009 --- Terrorism War, 2001-2009 --- War against Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- Military history, Modern --- Terrorism --- World politics --- Afghan War, 2001-2021 --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- -Politcal aspects. --- Prevention --- Trump, Donald, --- Trump, Donald J., --- Tramp, Donalʹd, --- Трамп, Дональд, --- 川普唐納德, --- The Donald, --- Donald, --- Trump, Donald John, --- United States --- Politics and government --- Politcal aspects. --- Abuse of power. --- Accountability. --- Activism. --- Aftermath of the September 11 attacks. --- Aircraft. --- Al-Qaeda. --- Assassination. --- At Best. --- Attempt. --- Ballot. --- By-law. --- Civil service. --- Cold War (1985–91). --- Complaint. --- Counter-terrorism. --- Credential. --- Crime. --- Declaration of war. --- Deference. --- Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. --- Deportation. --- Detainer. --- Directive (European Union). --- Director of National Intelligence. --- Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. --- Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. --- Donald Trump. --- Economy of Iran. --- Electoral fraud. --- Enemy combatant. --- Enhanced interrogation techniques. --- Establishment Clause. --- Executive order. --- Federal government of the United States. --- Fraud. --- Gennifer Flowers. --- George W. Bush. --- Governor of Oregon. --- Hillary Clinton. --- Homeland Security Act. --- Homeland security. --- Illegal immigration. --- Immigration policy. --- Immigration. --- Inauguration. --- Injunction. --- Inspector general. --- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. --- Islamic terrorism. --- James Comey. --- John Ashcroft. --- Joint session. --- Law enforcement. --- Lawsuit. --- Legislator. --- Louis Freeh. --- Michael Chertoff. --- Military deployment. --- Mission creep. --- Muslims (nationality). --- National Security Entry-Exit Registration System. --- National security. --- Nomination. --- Patriot Act. --- Plaintiff. --- Politics and the English Language. --- Posse Comitatus Act. --- Prisoner of war. --- Proclamation. --- Prosecutor. --- Protest. --- Qasem Soleimani. --- Recommendation (European Union). --- Refugee. --- Reince Priebus. --- Robert Bork. --- Robert F. Kennedy. --- Rubber bullet. --- Ryan Crocker. --- Secrecy. --- Solicitor General. --- Statute. --- Taliban. --- Targeted killing. --- Tear gas. --- Terrorism. --- Torture. --- Un-American. --- United States Department of Homeland Security. --- United States Department of State. --- Unrest. --- Vetting. --- Voting Rights Act of 1965. --- Voting. --- Waiver. --- War Powers Resolution. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Watergate scandal. --- White supremacy.