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Um 1800 wird das Paradigma individueller Autorschaft dominant und trägt entscheidend zum Verständnis von Literatur als Kunst bei. Es lässt indes die häufig kollaborativen Praktiken des Verfassens von Texten in den Hintergrund treten. Dieses Buch rekonstruiert den kollektiven Charakter von Literatur.0In der Literatur zwischen 1770 und 1840 setzen sich wichtige Neukonzeptionen durch: Autoren werden zu individuellen Schöpfern, die Werke ihr geistiges Eigentum und beide somit aufs Engste verbunden. Dennoch werden die vielfältigen Formen der Zusammenarbeit beim Schreiben und Korrigieren sowie beim Überarbeiten und Publizieren weiter gepflegt.0Dieses Buch bezieht diese beiden Ebenen in einer historischen Praxeologie systematisch aufeinander und macht jene Kollektivität sichtbar, die sich als Spezifik der Literatur um 1800 verstehen lässt. Anhand literarischer, philosophischer und juristischer Texte von Goethe, Schiller und Herder über die Frühromantik bis zum Text des ersten Urheberrechts wird das Spannungsverhältnis von kollaborativer Verfasserschaft und individueller Autorschaft erkundet.

Authorship --- Collaboration.

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L’histoire de l’épuration judiciaire des collaborateurs grecs à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale vient de s’écrire grâce à Dimitris Kousouris. Par cet ouvrage, les lecteurs français accèdent de façon précise aux événements et aux logiques partisanes (nationalistes, royalistes, antidémocratiques, communistes) qui ont bouleversé la Grèce, mais aussi l’Europe de 1944 à 1949. L’analyse de ces temps de guerre(s) est exemplaire car, d’un côté elle démonte les mécanismes de production de conflits (guerre civile, guerre froide) et de l’autre, elle nous fait comprendre comment, avec les procès du Tribunal spécial des collaborateurs d’Athènes, les artifices juridiques employés permirent de diffuser le mythe d’une nation unanimement résistante en intégrant une large part des anciens collaborateurs, tout en excluant la résistance de masse. Cet ouvrage a le mérite de rassembler ce qui rend toujours notre monde contradictoire : la génération incessante de conflits civils fratricides et la recherche de processus de réparation symbolique.

History --- collaboration économique --- Greece

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Interactive art --- Artistic collaboration

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Strong science, technology, and innovation links between universities and industry are of critical importance to Sri Lanka as it strives to become an upper-middle-income country. This report presents an overview of current U-I collaboration in Sri Lanka by analyzing responses to a survey of companies and university departments in 2015. Data from the 2015 survey are compared with data from a similar survey in 2007 to identify trends over time. The study examines current policies to promote U-I collaboration in Sri Lanka, highlights some good practices in other countries, and suggests possible ways that Sri Lanka may be able to strengthen U-I collaboration. The report is intended primarily for policy makers in the fields of higher education, research, and innovation, as well as for researchers in companies, universities, and research institutes who are already collaborating in public-private partnerships or are planning to do so. The responses show that the majority of existing links between Sri Lankan universities and companies are short-term, informal interactions with low direct transfer of knowledge and innovation. However, the survey findings also show a growing emphasis on deeper and more demanding types of collaboration, such as joint Research and Development activities, prototype testing, and spin-offs, even though these remain relatively uncommon. Key recommendations to strengthen U-I collaboration are: As part of the national Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2016-2020, develop and implement a national plan to upgrade the country's research infrastructure, in line with national research and innovation priorities. Strengthen Research and Development funding schemes for joint projects between universities/research institutes and companies, based on national and international experiences. Define and implement clear intellectual property rights rules for publicly funded research to encourage the use of research results and ensure effective and timely legal protection of intellectual property. Establish open innovation spaces and business incubators at universities and make available seed money for faculty and students to develop start-ups. Strengthen the U-I interaction cells at universities with professional expertise in technology transfer and business model development. Establish opportunities for master's and PhD students to pursue targeted research projects in companies as part of their study.

Academic-industrial collaboration

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Authorship --- Business writing --- Collaboration