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Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells focuses on methods of investigating the structure and function of non-voltage gated calcium channels. Each chapter presents important discoveries in calcium entry pathways, specifically dealing with the molecular identification of store-operated calcium channels which were reviewed by earlier volumes in the Methods in Signal Transduction series. Crystallographic and pharmacological approaches to the study of calcium channels of epithelial cells are also discussed. Calcium ion is a messenger in most cell types. Whereas voltage gated calcium channels have been studied extensively, the non-voltage gated calcium entry channel genes have only been identified relatively recently. The book will fill this important niche.--Provided by publisher.
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Histology. Cytology --- Human biochemistry --- Calcium channels --- Congresses --- Congresses. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Calcium Channels --- CALCIUM CHANNELS --- congresses. --- Electrophysiology. --- Calcium channels - Congresses --- Muscle
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This title acts as a bridge between physiology and physics by discussing the physiology and calcium signaling mechanism in cardiac and smooth muscle. By exploring the mechanism of the cyclic release of stored Ca(2+) in the SR or ER, this book covers the cell communication system, including excitable cells, recognizing the most relevant mechanisms of cell communication. Serving as a bridge between physiology and physics, coverage spans the physiology and calcium signaling mechanism in cardiac and smooth muscle, offering insight to physiological scientists, pharmaceutical scientists, medical doctors, biologists and physicists.
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« Cellular pharmacology » of intestinal smooth muscle calcium channels: localization of the dihydropyridine binding site.
1. The interaction of pinaverium bromide, a quaternary ammonium compound, with binding sites for (L-type) calcium channel blockers was investigated in rat ileum smooth muscle.
2. Pinaverium inhibited [3H] (+) – PN200-110 ( [3H] (+)– isradipine specific binding to tissue homogenates incompletely (Ki = 0,38 μM; inhibition maximal : 80 %). In contrast, binding to single cells preparations (obtained by collagénase treatment) and to saponin treated homogenates was completely inhibited. These data are compatible with the view that, in untreated homogenates, 20 % of [3H] (+) – isradipine binding sites is not accessible to pinaverium because it is associated with sealed inside-out vesicles.
3. Pinaverium bromide increased the apparent Kd of [3H] (+) – isradipine binding to saponin-treated homogenates but did not significantly affect the Bmax value. Moreover, the dissociation rate constant of [3H] (+) – isradipine bonding was not changed by pinaverium. These data suggest that pinaverium interacts with the dihydropyridine binding site in a competitive manner. However, in contrast to uncharged dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, pinaverium inhibited, rated than stimulated, [3H] – dilitiazem binding to rat brain membranes (at 30-37°C).
4. Although Bmax values of [3H] (+) – isradipine were similar in homogenates prepared from tissue and cells (collagénase-treated), the KD value was significantly higher in cell homogenates (166 vs. 95 pM). Similarly, the Ki value of pinaverium was higher in cell preparations than in tissue homogenates (0,77 vs. 0,38 μM). Thus, collagénase can significantly modify the dihydropyridine recognition site.
5. The competitive interaction of pinaverium, a permanently charged drug, with [3H] (+) – isradipine bound to intact cells and its absence of interaction with [3H] (+) – isradipine bound to sealed inside-out vesicles imply that the dihydropyridine receptor lies near the external surface of the plasma membrane.
Molecular pharmacology of intestinal smooth muscle calcium channels: primary structure determination of a fragment of the VDCC intestinal isoform.
1. The cDNA coding for the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit of the rabbit intestinal smooth muscle was partially cloned and sequenced.
2. The cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription of total RNA prepared from the rabbit small intestine longitudinal muscular layer, the region of the gastrointestinal tract with the highest density of L-type calcium channel.
3. A 1 kB sequence, corresponding to the α-1 subunit Motif IV was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the cDNA and two synthetic oligonucleotides.
4. After cloning into a plasmid vector, the sequence of the intestinal channel fragment was determined and compared to published sequences of calcium channels from other tissues.
5. The deduced primary sequence shows a total homology with the corresponding sequence of the lung smooth muscle but is different following this segment, a deletion zone was also elicited, one of them seems physiologically important. Pharmacologies « cellulaires » des canaux calciques du muscle lisse intestinal : localisation du site de liaison des dihydropyridines.
1. L’interaction du bromure de pinavérium, un composé ammonium quartenaire, avec des sites de liaison des inhibiteurs des canaux calciques de type L a été étudiée dans le muscle lisse d’iléon de rat.
2. Le pinavérium inhibe la liaison spécifique de l’ [3H] (+) – isradipine ( [3H] (+) – PN200-110- aux homogénats tissulaires, de façon incomplète (Ki = 0,38 μM; inhibition maximale : 80 %). Par contre, la liaison aux préparations de « cellules isolées » (obtenues par traitement à la collagénase) ainsi qu’aux homogénats traités à la saponine est totalement inhibée. Ces données sont compatibles avec le fait que, dans les homogénats non traités, 20 % des sites de liaison de l’ [3H] (+) – isradipine sont « masqués » dans des vésicules « inside-out » et donc inaccessible au pinavérium chargé positivement.
3. Le bromure de pinavérium augmente le Kd apparent de la liaison de l’ [3H] (+) – isradipine aux homogénats traités à la saponine mais n’affecte pas significativement la valeur du Bmax. De plus, la constante de vitesse de dissociation de la liaison de l’ [3H] (+) – isradipine n’est pas modifiée par le pinavérium. Ces données suggèrent que le pinavérium interagit avec le site de liaison des dihydropyridines de manière compétitive. Cependant, contrairement aux antagonistes calciques de type dihydropyridine non chargées, le pinavérium inhibe, plutôt qu’il ne stimule, la liaison du [3H] – dilitiazem aux membranes de cerveau de rat.
Bien que les valeurs der Bmax de l’ [3H] (+) – isradipine soient identiques dans les homogénats préparés à partir de tissus et de cellules (obtenues par traitement à la collagénase), la valeur de Kd est significativement plus élevée dans les homogénats cellulaires (166 vs 95 pM). Parallèlement, la valeur de Ki du pinavérium est également plus haute dans les préparations cellulaires que dans les homogénats tissulaires (0,77 vs 0.38 μM). Par conséquent, la collagénase peut modifier significativement le site de liaison des dihydropyridines.
5. L’interaction compétitive du pinavérium, une molécule chargée en permanence, avec l’ [3H] (+) – isradipine liée aux cellules intactes et son absence d’interaction avec l’ [3H] (+) – isradipine liée aux vésicules inside-out impliquent que « le récepteur aux dihydropyridines » se situe au niveau de la surface externe de la membrane plasmique.
Pharmacologie « moléculaire » des canaux calciques du muscle lisse intestinale : détermination de la structure primaire de l’isoforme « intestinale » des VDCCs.
1. Un fragment du CDNA codant pour la sous-unité alpha-1 du canal calcique du muscle lisse intestinal de lapin a été cloné et séquencé.
2. La cDNA est obtenu par transcription inverse de l’ZRN total préparé à partir de la couche musculaire longitudinale de l’intestin grêle de lapin, la zone du tractus gastro-intestinal présentant la plus haute densité de canaux calciques de type L.
3. Une séquence d’environ 1 kb couvrant le motif IV de la sous unité α-1 a été amplifiée par la réaction de polymérase (PCR) à partir du cDNA et de deux oligonucléotides synthétiques.
4. Après un clonage dans un vecteur plasmidique, la séquence du fragment du « canal intestinal » a été déterminée te comparée aux séquences connues des canaux calciques issus d’autres tissus.
5. La structure primaire déduite présente une homologie totale avec la séquence correspondante du muscle lisse pulmonaire mais diffère de l’isoforme cardiaque au niveau de la région IVS3 (28 acides aminés) ; en val de ce segment une zone de délétions a également pu être mise en évidence, l’une d’entre elles semblant physiologiquement importante.
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This book extends the original concept of the "calcium paradox" discovery, herein compiling more than 300 references in the field of calcium ion (Ca2+/cAMP) signalling pathways, neurotransmission and neurodegeneration, and neurological and psychiatric diseases. In this second edition, novel illustrations and tables (highlighting current medicines for treating these diseases, including their mechanism of action) offer improved insights into the concepts for students and clinicians. The description of other neurodegenerative diseases (Spinal muscular atrophy, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Huntington´s disease) also adds further information with regards to treating these diseases. The growing increment in the life expectancy of the world's population has increased concern about age-related neurological diseases (neurodegenerative diseases), such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, among others. It is now well-recognized that an imbalance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases like neurodegenerative diseases, including AD and PD, and others. Healthy brain aging can be promoted by regular exercise, moderation in caloric intake and engaging in intellectually challenging activities. These lifestyle factors may stabilize neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis. The discovery of the role of the "calcium paradox" due to the interaction between Ca2+ and cAMP signalling pathways (Ca2+/cAMP interaction) in neurotransmission, and neuroprotection, has subsidized the understanding of pathophysiology, and pharmacology, of the neurological and psychiatric diseases, opening a large pathway for the advancement of new pharmacological strategies for the treatment of these diseases. The proposal outlined in this book involves pharmaceuticals already approved, and may, in combination with improvements in lifestyle factors, allow sustained increments in the life quality of age-related neurological patients. Finally, this book briefly discusses other aspects of Ca2+/cAMP signalling pathways, such as their possible implications on cancer.
Nervous system --- Calcium channels. --- Diseases --- Pathophysiology.
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Migraine Disorders --- Hemiplegia --- Epilepsy --- Calcium Channels --- genetics
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Calcium Channels --- metabolism --- metabolism. --- physiology --- physiology.
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CALCIUM, physiology --- Calcium channels --- ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY --- Ion Channels
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Electrophysiology --- Calcium Channels --- Calcium Channel Blockers --- 612 --- physiology. --- pharmacology. --- Fysiologie --- CALCIUM CHANNELS --- Calcium channels --- Physiological effect --- Congresses --- physiology --- pharmacology --- Electrophysiology. --- Electrophysiology - congresses --- Calcium Channels - congresses --- Calcium channels, t-type
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