Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The field of Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) has grown rapidly in the last few decades, allowing the development of faster and more reliable assistive technologies based on direct links between the brain and an external device. Novel applications of BCIs have also been proposed, especially in the area of human augmentation, i.e., enabling people to go beyond human limitations in sensory, cognitive and motor tasks. Brain-imaging techniques, such as electroencephalography, have been used to extract neural correlates of various brain processes and transform them, via machine learning, into commands for external devices. Brain stimulation technology has allowed to trigger the activation of specific brain areas to enhance the cognitive processes associated to the task at hand, hence improving performance. BCIs have therefore extended their scope from assistive technologies for people with disabilities to neuro-tools for human enhancement. This Special Issue aims at showing the recent advances in BCIs for human augmentation, highlighting new results on both traditional and novel applications. These include, but are not limited to, control of external devices, communication, cognitive enhancement, decision making and entertainment.

n/a --- SIFT --- brain-computer interfaces --- P300 --- brain–computer interfaces --- complete locked-in state --- Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) --- electroencephalography (EEG) --- SHCC --- speller --- SSVEP --- human performance --- superintelligence --- MI --- communication --- electroencephalography --- 20-questions-game --- MP --- indoor room temperature --- office-work tasks --- augmented cognition --- heuristic search --- performance prediction --- p300 --- Graphical User Interface (GUI) --- hybrid --- Artificial Neural Network --- PE --- brain computer interface --- waveform --- Neuroergonomics. --- Brain-computer interfaces. --- Self-help devices for people with disabilities.. --- Assistive technology --- Self-help devices for the disabled --- People with disabilities --- BCIs (Brain-computer interfaces) --- Brain-machine interfaces --- Computer-brain interfaces --- Direct neural interfaces --- User interfaces (Computer systems) --- Cognitive neuroscience --- Human engineering --- Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A cross-disciplinary approach is offered to consider the challenge of emerging technologies designed to enhance human bodies and minds. Perspectives from philosophy, ethics, law, and policy are applied to a wide variety of enhancements, including integration of technology within human bodies, as well as genetic, biological, and pharmacological modifications. Humans may be permanently or temporarily enhanced with artificial parts by manipulating (or reprogramming) human DNA and through other enhancement techniques (and combinations thereof). We are on the cusp of significantly modifying (and perhaps improving) the human ecosystem. This evolution necessitates a continuing effort to re-evaluate current laws and, if appropriate, to modify such laws or develop new laws that address enhancement technology. A legal, ethical, and policy response to current and future human enhancements should strive to protect the rights of all involved and to recognize the responsibilities of humans to other conscious and living beings, regardless of what they look like or what abilities they have (or lack). A potential ethical approach is outlined in which rights and responsibilities should be respected even if enhanced humans are perceived by non-enhanced (or less-enhanced) humans as “no longer human” at all.

cyborgs --- implants --- posthumans --- Homo technologicus --- Homo sapiens --- human-machine interaction --- cyborg --- enhancement technology --- prosthesis --- brain–computer interface --- new senses --- identity --- neuroprosthesis --- patent law --- copyright law --- cognitive liberty --- international law --- evolution --- cultural technology --- human enhancement --- engineering --- bionics --- biotechnology --- disability --- marketing --- cultural studies --- Disney --- supercrip --- human enhancements --- autonomy --- informed consent --- moral enhancement --- vulnerability --- numeric identity --- military ethics --- human–machine interaction --- upgrading humans --- superhumans --- gene editing --- embryo selection --- CRISPR --- cognitive enhancement --- assisted reproductive technologies (ART) --- public opinion --- in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) --- genome-wide association studies (GWAS) --- brain–computer interface (BCI) --- brain–machine interface (BMI) --- ethical --- legal and social Issues (ELSI) --- neuroethics --- narrative review --- intellectual property --- copyright --- neuropolitics --- brain science --- voting --- human rights --- ethics --- discrimination --- racism --- speciesism --- ableism --- human–robot interaction --- mind --- sense of agency --- alienation --- n/a --- brain-computer interface --- brain-computer interface (BCI) --- brain-machine interface (BMI) --- human-robot interaction

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A cross-disciplinary approach is offered to consider the challenge of emerging technologies designed to enhance human bodies and minds. Perspectives from philosophy, ethics, law, and policy are applied to a wide variety of enhancements, including integration of technology within human bodies, as well as genetic, biological, and pharmacological modifications. Humans may be permanently or temporarily enhanced with artificial parts by manipulating (or reprogramming) human DNA and through other enhancement techniques (and combinations thereof). We are on the cusp of significantly modifying (and perhaps improving) the human ecosystem. This evolution necessitates a continuing effort to re-evaluate current laws and, if appropriate, to modify such laws or develop new laws that address enhancement technology. A legal, ethical, and policy response to current and future human enhancements should strive to protect the rights of all involved and to recognize the responsibilities of humans to other conscious and living beings, regardless of what they look like or what abilities they have (or lack). A potential ethical approach is outlined in which rights and responsibilities should be respected even if enhanced humans are perceived by non-enhanced (or less-enhanced) humans as “no longer human” at all.

Technology: general issues --- cyborgs --- implants --- posthumans --- Homo technologicus --- Homo sapiens --- human-machine interaction --- cyborg --- enhancement technology --- prosthesis --- brain-computer interface --- new senses --- identity --- neuroprosthesis --- patent law --- copyright law --- cognitive liberty --- international law --- evolution --- cultural technology --- human enhancement --- engineering --- bionics --- biotechnology --- disability --- marketing --- cultural studies --- Disney --- supercrip --- human enhancements --- autonomy --- informed consent --- moral enhancement --- vulnerability --- numeric identity --- military ethics --- upgrading humans --- superhumans --- gene editing --- embryo selection --- CRISPR --- cognitive enhancement --- assisted reproductive technologies (ART) --- public opinion --- in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) --- genome-wide association studies (GWAS) --- brain-computer interface (BCI) --- brain-machine interface (BMI) --- ethical --- legal and social Issues (ELSI) --- neuroethics --- narrative review --- intellectual property --- copyright --- neuropolitics --- brain science --- voting --- human rights --- ethics --- discrimination --- racism --- speciesism --- ableism --- human-robot interaction --- mind --- sense of agency --- alienation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Image analysis is a fundamental task for any application where extracting information from images is required. The analysis requires highly sophisticated numerical and analytical methods, particularly for those applications in medicine, security, and other fields where the results of the processing consist of data of vital importance. This fact is evident from all the articles composing the Special Issue "Entropy in Image Analysis II", in which the authors used widely tested methods to verify their results. In the process of reading the present volume, the reader will appreciate the richness of their methods and applications, in particular for medical imaging and image security, and a remarkable cross-fertilization among the proposed research areas.

History of engineering & technology --- image binarization --- optical character recognition --- local entropy filter --- thresholding --- image preprocessing --- image entropy --- image encryption --- medical color images --- RGB --- chaotic system --- crowd behavior analysis --- salient crowd motion detection --- repulsive force --- direction entropy --- node strength --- Pompe disease --- children --- quantitative muscle ultrasound --- texture-feature parametric imaging --- compound chaotic system --- S-box --- image information entropy --- image chaotic encryption --- cryptography --- Latin cube --- bit cube --- chosen plaintext attack --- atmosphere background --- engine flame --- infrared radiation --- detectability --- image quality evaluation --- image retrieval --- pooling method --- convolutional neural network --- feature distribution entropy --- lossless compression --- pattern classification --- machine learning --- malaria infection --- entropy --- Golomb–Rice codes --- image processing --- image segmentation --- weld segmentation --- weld evaluation --- convolution neural network --- Python --- Keras --- RSNNS --- MXNet --- brain-computer interface (BCI) --- electroencephalography (EEG) --- motor imagery (MI) --- continuous wavelet transform (CWT) --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- hyperchaotic system --- filtering --- DNA computing --- diffusion --- deep neural network --- data expansion --- blind image quality assessment --- saliency and distortion --- human visual system --- declining quality --- data hiding --- AMBTC --- steganography --- stego image --- dictionary-based coding --- pixel value adjusting --- neuroaesthetics --- symmetry --- balance --- complexity --- chiaroscuro --- normalized entropy --- renaissance --- portrait paintings --- art history --- art statistics --- chaotic systems --- DNA coding --- security analysis --- magnetic resonance images --- non-maximum suppression --- object detection --- key-point detection --- IoU --- feature fusion --- quasi-resonant Rossby/drift wave triads --- Mordell elliptic curve --- pseudo-random numbers --- substitution box --- nuclear spin generator --- medical image --- peak signal-to-noise ratio --- key space calculation --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy --- ultrasound --- backscattered signals --- medical imaging --- neural engineering --- computer vision --- crowd motion detection --- security

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Non-invasive biomedical sensors for monitoring physiological parameters from the human body for potential future therapies and healthcare solutions. Today, a critical factor in providing a cost-effective healthcare system is improving patients' quality of life and mobility, which can be achieved by developing non-invasive sensor systems, which can then be deployed in point of care, used at home or integrated into wearable devices for long-term data collection. Another factor that plays an integral part in a cost-effective healthcare system is the signal processing of the data recorded with non-invasive biomedical sensors. In this book, we aimed to attract researchers who are interested in the application of signal processing methods to different biomedical signals, such as an electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response, pulse oximetry, photoplethysmogram (PPG), etc. We encouraged new signal processing methods or the use of existing signal processing methods for its novel application in physiological signals to help healthcare providers make better decisions.

movement intention --- brain–computer interface --- movement-related cortical potential --- neurorehabilitation --- phonocardiogram --- machine learning --- empirical mode decomposition --- feature extraction --- mel-frequency cepstral coefficients --- support vector machines --- computer aided diagnosis --- congenital heart disease --- statistical analysis --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- long short-term memory (LSTM) --- emotion recognition --- EEG --- ECG --- GSR --- deep neural network --- physiological signals --- electroencephalography --- Brain-Computer Interface --- multiscale principal component analysis --- successive decomposition index --- motor imagery --- mental imagery --- classification --- hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) --- home automation --- electroencephalogram (EEG) --- steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) --- eye blink --- short-time Fourier transform (STFT) --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- human machine interface (HMI) --- rehabilitation --- wheelchair --- quadriplegia --- Raspberry Pi --- image gradient --- AMR voice --- Open-CV --- image processing --- acoustic --- startle --- reaction --- response --- reflex --- blink --- mobile --- sound --- stroke --- EMG --- brain-computer interface --- myoelectric control --- pattern recognition --- functional near-infrared spectroscopy --- z-score method --- channel selection --- region of interest --- channel of interest --- respiratory rate (RR) --- Electrocardiogram (ECG) --- ECG derived respiration (EDR) --- auscultation sites --- pulse plethysmograph --- biomedical signal processing --- feature selection and reduction --- discrete wavelet transform --- hypertension