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Azhar --- History.

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Schia, Azhar und die islamische Ökumene im 20. Jahrhundert.

Jāmiʻat al-Azhar.

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Islam --- History --- Jāmiʻat al-Azhar --- History. --- Egypt --- Social conditions.

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The present volume describes the various phases of the inner-Islamic ecumenical dialogue in the 20th century between Sunnis and Shiites, the short-lived periods of success it achieved, but also the fierce mutual polemics it inevitably engendered. The examination focuses on the role of the Cairene Azhar University as the most important representative of Sunni Islam and its relations with Shiite scholars. Particular importance is attached to the interdependency of theological arguments and the political motivations of the interlocutors, and especially to the significance of Islamic ecumenism for Egyptian foreign policy in the 1950s. Although the main part of the study is confined to the time before 1979, in an epilogue the course of events is followed until most recent developments.

Islam --- Sunnites --- Shīʻah --- Relations --- Shīʻah. --- Sunnites. --- History --- Jāmiʻat al-Azhar. --- Shīʻah --- Sunni Muslims --- Sunnis --- Islamic sects --- Imamites --- Shia --- Shiism --- Twelvers (Islam) --- Alids --- Relations&delete& --- Jāmiʻat al-Azhar. --- Cairo. --- Azhar. --- Azhar University --- Al Azhar University --- Azhar-Universität --- جامعة الازهر --- Jāmiʻ al-Azhar --- Shiites --- Shīʻah. --- Islam - 20th century. --- Sunnites - Relations - Shīʻah. --- Shīʻah - Relations - Sunnites. --- Shīʻah - History - 20th century. --- Shiah --- Shiah. --- Jamiat al-Azhar.

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The focus will be on three different generations of Indonesian scholars and 'Ulama who have studied in Cairo, and in Al-Azhar in particular. Three different periods will be discussed: the colonial times when Islamic Reformism had a great impact and reactivated scholarship in the Middle East and the world of Southeast Asia; the immediate post-colonial period when Azharites played a paramount role in state functions; and the seventies and eighties when Islam was affirmed by the wealth of oil-producing countries in the Arab Gulf.

Indonesian students --- Islamic learning and scholarship --- Muslim students --- Islamic students --- Students, Islamic --- Students, Muslim --- Students --- Learning and scholarship --- Muslim learning and scholarship --- Muslims --- Intellectual life --- Jāmiʻat al-Azhar --- Cairo. --- Azhar. --- Azhar University --- Al Azhar University --- Azhar-Universität --- جامعة الازهر --- Jāmiʻ al-Azhar --- Students. --- Curricula.