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Paleoclimatology --- Dendroclimatology --- Paleoecology --- Timberline
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Paleoclimatology --- Climatic changes --- Timberline --- Research --- Colorado.
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Forest ecology --- -Forest ecology --- -Timberline --- -Alpine timberline --- Alpine treeline --- Latitudinal timberline --- Latitudinal treeline --- Timber-line --- Tree line --- Treeline --- Mountain ecology --- Vegetation boundaries --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Timberline --- Alpine timberline --- Finland --- Poland --- Environmental aspects --- Carpathian Mountains --- Forest ecosystems --- Finlande --- Pologne --- Ecologie vegetale --- Zones de vegetation arbustive
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Betula pubescens --- -Plant ecology --- -Timberline --- -Alpine timberline --- Alpine treeline --- Latitudinal timberline --- Latitudinal treeline --- Timber-line --- Tree line --- Treeline --- Forest ecology --- Mountain ecology --- Vegetation boundaries --- Botany --- Plants --- Ecology --- Betula alba --- Betula odorata --- Hairy birch --- White birch (Betula pubescens) --- Birch --- -Betula pubescens --- Downy birch --- Plant ecology --- Timberline --- Alpine timberline --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Floristic ecology
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Diseases and pests --- Geographical distribution --- Mountain pine beetle --- Timberline --- Whitebark pine --- Statistics
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The alpine treeline ecotone (ATE) is an area of transition high on mountains where closed canopy forests from lower elevations give way to the open alpine tundra and rocky expanses above. Alpine tundra is an island biome and its ecotone with forest is subject to change, and like oceanic islands, alpine tundra is subject to invasion - or the upward advance of treeline. The invasion of tundra by trees will have consequences for the tundra biome as invasion does for other island flora and fauna. To examine the invasibility of tundra we take a plant's-eye-view, wherein the local conditions become
Timberline --- Forest ecology. --- Forest ecosystems --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Alpine timberline --- Alpine treeline --- Latitudinal timberline --- Latitudinal treeline --- Timber-line --- Tree line --- Treeline --- Forest ecology --- Mountain ecology --- Vegetation boundaries --- Glacier National Park (Mont.) --- Glacier National Park (USA) --- Environmental conditions. --- Climatic changes --- Montana --- Glacier National Park --- Geomorphology --- Environmental conditions --- Glacier Park (Mont.) --- Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park (Mont. and Alta.)
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Timberline --- Trees --- Forest ecology --- Mountain plants --- Ecophysiology --- Physiology --- Timberline. --- Forest ecology. --- 581.524.444 --- 630*18 --- Alpine flora --- Alpine plants --- Alpine region plants --- Alpine vegetation --- Alpines (Plants) --- High altitude plants --- High altitude vegetation --- Montane plants --- Mountain flora --- Mountain vegetation --- Mountain wildlife --- Sub-alpine plants --- Sub-alpine vegetation --- Subalpine plants --- Subalpine vegetation --- Plants --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Timber --- Alpine timberline --- Alpine treeline --- Latitudinal timberline --- Latitudinal treeline --- Timber-line --- Tree line --- Treeline --- Mountain ecology --- Vegetation boundaries --- Ecophysiology. --- Physiology. --- Alpine regions --- Plant ecology --- 581.524.444 Alpine regions --- 630*18 Plant ecology --- Forest ecosystems --- Trees - Ecophysiology --- Mountain plants - Ecophysiology --- Timberline - Alps --- Trees - Alps - Physiology --- Forest ecology - Alps --- Mountain plants - Alps
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Mountain ecosystems belong to the most endangered ecosystems in the world. Especially, the treeline ecotone acts as an indicator for environmental change. However, ecological processes in the treeline ecotone are not yet completely understood. The studies provided in this book may contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between vegetation, climate, fauna, and soils in the treeline ecotone. An introductory chapter is given on plants living under extreme conditions, climate change aspects, and methods for characterization of alpine soils. The following articles focus on mountainous areas in America, Europe and Asia. The Working Group on Mountain and Northern Ecosystems at the Insti- te of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster (Germany), has been working on topics related to the treeline ecotone for several decades. This period under the chairmanship of Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier has come to an end now when he retired in 2004. He initiated numerous studies in high mountains and in the North. Many of his students, who became infected by the ‘mountain virus’, will continue these investigations on ecological processes in the altitudinal and northern treeline ecotones. With this compilation of studies in mountain ecosystems we want to thank Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier for his excellent guidance in these cold and fascinating environments.
Mountain ecology. --- Timberline. --- Alpine timberline --- Alpine treeline --- Latitudinal timberline --- Latitudinal treeline --- Timber-line --- Tree line --- Treeline --- Forest ecology --- Mountain ecology --- Vegetation boundaries --- Alpine ecology --- Alpine region ecology --- Alpine regions --- Mountains --- Upland ecology --- Ecology --- Geology. --- Ecology. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Geography. --- Biogeosciences. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Ecosystems. --- Geography, general. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Natural history --- Geobiology. --- Ecology . --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Biosphere
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Emerging from decades of intensive research into alpine timberlines, Trees at their Upper Limit presents a complete modern synthesis of current knowledge on the ecophysiology of tree growth and survival on high mountains in Europe. Including chapters on soil properties and the role or mycorrhiza, carbon assimilation and allocation, phytopathogens, and the impact of global change on photooxidative stress, the book builds on Tranquillini’s landmark 1979 publication, Physiological Ecology of the Alpine Timberline. By combining new techniques and insights with existing core knowledge the authors explore a range of current hypotheses on tree life limitation to promote a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms determining the upper timberline. Amid growing realization that high elevation forests have a crucial role to play in protection against natural hazards, this book represents a timely contribution to the current literature on timberline research. Drawing together more than 25 years of work, this unique book sets a new standard on the ecophysiology of trees growing at the alpine timberline. Edited by field leaders Gerhard Wieser and Michael Tausz, the book will appeal to researchers and advanced students in the fields of botany, ecology and plant ecophysiology, as well as to a wider audience interested in understanding the responses of the timberline ecotone to climatic and demographic change.
Timberline --- Trees --- Mountain ecology. --- Ecophysiology --- Alpine ecology --- Alpine region ecology --- Alpine regions --- Mountains --- Upland ecology --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Timber --- Alpine timberline --- Alpine treeline --- Latitudinal timberline --- Latitudinal treeline --- Timber-line --- Tree line --- Treeline --- Forest ecology --- Mountain ecology --- Vegetation boundaries --- Ecology --- Forests and forestry. --- Trees. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Forestry. --- Tree Biology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Botany --- Plants --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Physiology --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Plant ecology. --- Floristic ecology
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