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This book explores some of the major forces and changes in higher education across the world between 1945 and 2015. This includes the explosions of higher education institutions and enrollments, a development captured by the notion of massification. There were also profound shifts in the financing and economic role of higher education reflected in the processes of privatization of universities and curricula realignments to meet the shifting demands of the economy. Moreover, the systems of knowledge production, organization, dissemination, and consumption, as well as the disciplinary architecture of knowledge underwent significant changes. Internationalization emerged as one of the defining features of higher education, which engendered new modes, rationales, and practices of collaboration, competition, comparison, and commercialization. External and internal pressures for accountability and higher education’s value proposition intensified, which fueled struggles over access, affordability, relevance, and outcomes that found expression in the quality assurance movement. .

Education, Higher. --- College students --- Higher education --- Education --- Postsecondary education --- Universities and colleges --- Education-History. --- History, Modern. --- World history. --- History of Education. --- Modern History. --- World History, Global and Transnational History. --- Higher Education. --- Universal history --- History --- Modern history --- World history, Modern --- World history --- Education—History. --- Higher education. --- History.

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African diaspora --- Blacks --- Race identity --- Social conditions

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International relations. Foreign policy --- Polemology --- Africa --- Conflict management --- Peace-building --- Postwar reconstruction

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Africa --- Afrique --- History --- Encyclopedias --- Histoire --- Encyclopédies --- 960.03 <031> --- 960.04 <031> --- Geschiedenis van Afrika: exploratie en kolonisatie--1800-1950--Encyclopedieën. Lexica --- Geschiedenis van Afrika: dekolonisatie--vanaf 1950--Encyclopedieën. Lexica --- -Eastern Hemisphere --- -960.03 <031> --- 960.04 <031> Geschiedenis van Afrika: dekolonisatie--vanaf 1950--Encyclopedieën. Lexica --- 960.03 <031> Geschiedenis van Afrika: exploratie en kolonisatie--1800-1950--Encyclopedieën. Lexica --- Eastern Hemisphere --- 20th century