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This detailed volume provides an overview of recent advances in the application of genomic technologies in several domains of marine biology, raising awareness of various DNA- and RNA-based technologies. Genomic methods are essential in identifying previously undetected taxonomic (e.g. DNA barcoding), genetic (e.g. sequencing), and functional (e.g. gene expression, analysis of metabolites) diversity, as shown in the chapters of this book, with sections focusing on next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, bioinformatics in marine genomics research, marine biotechnology, as well as a variety of methods successfully applied in fish. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Marine Genomics: Methods and Protocols highlights the utility of numerous lab protocols and their potential to provide deeper insight into physiological and ecological mechanisms in marine life.

Genomics. --- Ecology. --- Oceanography. --- Freshwater ecology. --- Marine ecology. --- Biooceanography. --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology. --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Aquatic ecology --- Fresh water --- Fresh-water ecology --- Oceanology --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Molecular genetics --- Ecology --- Research

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The poles undergo climate changes exceeding those in the rest of the world in terms of their speed and extent, and have a key role in modulating the climate of the Earth. Ecosystems adapted to polar environments are likely to become vulnerable to climate changes. Their responses allow us to analyse and foresee the impact of changes at lower latitudes. We need to increase our knowledge of the polar marine fauna of continental shelves, slopes and deep sea, as identifying the responses of species and communities is crucial to establishing efficient strategies against threats to biodiversity, using international and cross-disciplinary approaches. The IPY 2007-2009 was a scientific milestone. The outstanding contribution of Marine Biology is reflected in this volume and the next one on “Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments – The Impacts of Global Change on Biodiversity” from the series “From Pole to Pole”, making these volumes a unique and invaluable component of the scientific outcome of the IPY.

Biodiversity. --- Ecology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Life sciences. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Marine Science --- Biodiversity --- Marine biodiversity conservation. --- Climatic factors. --- Conservation of marine biodiversity --- Marine biodiversity --- Marine biological diversity conservation --- Conservation --- Effect of climate on --- Effect of climatic changes on --- Environment. --- Climate change. --- Geobiology. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Biogeosciences. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Aquatic biodiversity conservation --- Marine resources conservation --- Bioclimatology --- Climatic changes --- Evolution (Biology). --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Ecology --- Environmental monitoring. --- Ecology . --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Environmental aspects --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Global environmental change

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Meteorology. Climatology --- Biogeography --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- biodiversiteit --- biogeografie --- ecologie --- Europees recht --- milieutechnologie --- klimaatverandering

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The poles undergo climate changes exceeding those in the rest of the world in terms of their speed and extent, and have a key role in modulating the climate of the Earth. Ecosystems adapted to polar environments are likely to become vulnerable to climate changes. Their responses allow us to analyse and foresee the impact of changes at lower latitudes. We need to increase our knowledge of the polar marine fauna of continental shelves, slopes and deep sea, as identifying the responses of species and communities is crucial to establishing efficient strategies against threats to biodiversity, using international and cross-disciplinary approaches. The IPY 2007-2009 was a scientific milestone. The outstanding contribution of Marine Biology is reflected in this volume and the next one on Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments - The Impacts of Global Change on Biodiversity  from the series From Pole to Pole , making these volumes a unique and invaluable component of the scientific outcome of the IPY.

Meteorology. Climatology --- Biogeography --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- biodiversiteit --- biogeografie --- ecologie --- Europees recht --- milieutechnologie --- klimaatverandering

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Following their own brilliant careers in haeme protein research, the outstanding scientists Jonathan and Beatrice Wittenberg continue to provide inspiration to the research community in the study of oxygen-binding proteins. Their research has provided the intellectual stimulus to bring together scientists from all over the world with the common goal of developing fascinating new ideas and performing innovative experiments. This book is dedicated to Jonathan’s and Bea’s lifetime careers. It further illuminates the facts and ideas which dot the paths they traced in Biochemistry and Physiology, elaborating on how these landmark achievements were made and how the haeme proteins community still refers to them. With the field of haeme protein science such a flourishing area, the contributors to this book predict Jonathan and Bea, having played such a seminal role, will continue to be key figures for quite some time to come. Praise for the Wittenbergs and their lasting contributions to research: "Oxygen: a two-atom molecule, but what a wealth of chemistry, and what implications for life! I was always convinced that the deep roots of such a simple statement have constantly inspired the seminal work of the Wittenbergs on the mechanisms of oxygen diffusion and on the varied cellular roles of dozens of different haeme proteins." (Martino Bolognesi) "All of us who study oxygen transport and all who value good science are in their debt." (Ken van Holde) "Beatrice and Jonathan Wittenberg have inspired generations of scientists to explore the mysteries of haeme proteins. Their papers…prompted discussions… in the 1970s and led to investigations on numerous invertebrate myoglobins and haemoglobins…" (Nora Terwilliger) "I was one of many PhD students in the late 1980s who were weaned on the seminal work by the Wittenbergs on myoglobin-facilitated oxygen diffusion. Before reading that article, myoglobin and oxygen diffusion was a mystery to me. With their work, biochemistry and physiology became a dynamic presence in my life." (Cinzia Verde).

Hemoglobin. --- Oxygen --- Physiological transport. --- Delivery of oxygen (Physiology) --- Oxygen delivery (Physiology) --- Oxygen transport (Physiology) --- Hemoglobins --- Hemoglobulin --- Blood --- Blood proteins --- Erythrocytes --- Hemoproteins --- Pigments --- Biochemistry. --- Life sciences. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Microbiology. --- Cytology. --- Protein Science. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Evolutionary biology. --- Cell biology. --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics