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The central role which swine have played in the ecology of influenza is set out in this book in 15 chapters within a comprehensive international framework. The result is a ‘One Health’ perspective on the role of swine influenza viruses (SIVs) at the animal-human-environmental interface.  The epidemiology of swine influenza worldwide is now of exceptional importance with the pig potentially acting as a “mixing vessel” where both avian and human influenza viruses can undergo genetic reassortment resulting in the creation of novel viruses that can cross species barriers. The genetic features of SIVs with either limited or efficient spread to and between humans are largely unknown, but the host range barrier between human and swine highlights the fact that adaptation of a virus in one mammalian host does not necessarily mean that it is well adapted to replication in another. However, in 2012 zoonotic transmission of SIV (both H3N2 and H1N2 subtypes) containing the matrix gene from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus was reported. These strains appeared to be able to spread more easily from pigs to people than other influenza viruses of swine. Therefore, this multifaceted book has assumed greater significance. Clearly, the dynamic nature and the national and international complexity of SIVs pose challenges for the swine industry as a recurring respiratory disease in swine, and also for public health as a continuing source of zoonotic infection. .

Immunology. Immunopathology --- Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- Pathological biochemistry --- Human medicine --- immunologie --- medische biochemie --- medische virologie --- pandemie --- zoonoses --- biochemie --- biomedische wetenschappen --- virologie

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Wildlife and the zoonotic pathogens they reservoir are the source of most emerging infectious diseases of humans. AIDS, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, SARS, Monkeypox and the human ehrlichioses are a few examples of the devastating effect achieved by cross-species transmission of viral and bacterial pathogens of wildlife. Many factors contribute to the appearance and spread of a pathogen, including; changes in host/pathogen evolution and interaction, human demographics, behavior and technology, environmental factors, and the availability of health care and a public health infrastructure capable of providing surveillance and interventions aimed at disease prevention and control. Additionally, historical factors and the coalescence of particular circumstances modify the conditions by which pathogens and species have an opportunity to intermix, evolve and spread. This volume provides an overview of zoonotic pathogen emergence with an emphasis on the role of wildlife. The first sections of the book explore the mechanisms by which evolution, biology, pathology, ecology, history, and current context have driven the emergence of different zoonotic agents, the next sections provide specific example of disease emergence linked to wildlife, and the final section offers an overview of current methods directed at the surveillance, prevention and control of zoonotic pathogens at the level of the wildlife host and possible mechanisms to improve these activities. This book will be useful to microbiologists, ecologists, zoologists, entomologists as well as physicians and epidemiologists.

Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- pathologie --- zoonoses --- virologie --- besmettelijke ziekten --- tropische ziekten