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Aristotle was the founder not only of logic but also of modal logic. In the Prior Analytics he developed a complex system of modal syllogistic which, while influential, has been disputed since antiquity--and is today widely regarded as incoherent. Combining analytic rigor with keen sensitivity to historical context, Marko Malink makes clear that the modal syllogistic forms a consistent, integrated system of logic, one that is closely related to other areas of Aristotle's philosophy. Aristotle's modal syllogistic differs significantly from modern modal logic. Malink considers the key to understanding the Aristotelian version to be the notion of predication discussed in the Topics--specifically, its theory of predicables (definition, genus, differentia, proprium, and accident) and the ten categories (substance, quantity, quality, and so on). The predicables introduce a distinction between essential and nonessential predication. In contrast, the categories distinguish between substantial and nonsubstantial predication. Malink builds on these insights in developing a semantics for Aristotle's modal propositions, one that verifies the ancient philosopher's claims of the validity and invalidity of modal inferences. While it acknowledges some limitations of this reconstruction, Aristotle's Modal Syllogistic brims with bold ideas, richly supported by close readings of the Greek texts.
Logic, Ancient. --- Modality (Logic) --- Syllogism. --- Predicate (Logic) --- Logique ancienne --- Modalité (Logique) --- Syllogisme --- Prédicat (logique) --- Aristotle. --- Aristotle. -- Prior analytics. --- Predicables (Logic) --- Predication (Logic) --- Ancient logic --- Categories (Philosophy) --- Language and logic --- Logic --- Argumentation --- Reasoning --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Modal logic --- Nonclassical mathematical logic --- Bisimulation --- Aristoteles --- Aristote --- Aristotle --- Aristotile --- Logic, Ancient --- Syllogism --- Aristoteles. --- Arisṭāṭṭil --- Aristo, --- Aristotel --- Aristotele --- Aristóteles, --- Aristòtil --- Arisṭū --- Arisṭūṭālīs --- Arisutoteresu --- Arystoteles --- Ya-li-shih-to-te --- Ya-li-ssu-to-te --- Yalishiduode --- Yalisiduode --- Ἀριστοτέλης --- Αριστοτέλης --- Аристотел --- ארסטו --- אריםטו --- אריסטו --- אריסטוטלס --- אריסטוטלוס --- אריסטוטליס --- أرسطاطاليس --- أرسططاليس --- أرسطو --- أرسطوطالس --- أرسطوطاليس --- ابن رشد --- اريسطو --- Pseudo Aristotele --- Pseudo-Aristotle --- アリストテレス
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Der zweite Buch der Ersten Analytiken des Aristoteles ist ein bisher vergleichweise wenig beachteter und wenig kommentierter Text, der immer im Schatten des ersten Buchs mit seiner überragenden Bedeutung für die Geschichte der Logik gestanden hat. Dieser Band der Deutschen Aristoteles-Ausgabe enthält neben einer neuen Übersetzung einen ausführlichen Kommentar, der zum ersten Mal den Text Zeile für Zeile entschlüsselt und so die Fülle von Themen erschliesst, die dort behandelt sind. Die Einleitung gibt einen Überblick über den disparaten und nicht leichten überschaubaren Text, weist seine Bedeutung für die formallogische Rekonstruktion der aristotelischen Syllogistik nach. Schwerpunkte der Interpretation liegen auf dem verwickelten und systematisch besonders spannenden Verhältnis der assertorischen Syllogistik zu modernen nicht-klassischen Logiken (insbesondere im Hinblick auf das Prinzip des ex falso quodlibet), auf die Problematik des Folgerungsbegriffs und auf der Möglichkeit einer nicht-extensionalen Rekonstruktion der Syllogistik. Der Band beitet, den Themen des Textes folgend, ausführliche Informationen zum Verhältnis der Syllogistik in Buch II zur Modallogik, Relevanzlogik, parakonsistenten Logik und konnexiven Logik, zur Theorie des indirekten Beweises bei Aristoteles, zur Argumentationstheorie an der Schwelle vom Paradigma der Rhetorik und Topik zur formalen Logik sowie Informationen zum Verhältnis der Syllogistik zur Erkenntnistheorie, zum nicht-deduktiven Argumentieren und zur Semiotik.
Philosophy, Ancient --- Ethics, Ancient --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Language and languages --- Philosophy --- Aristoteles, --- Language and languages - Philosophy --- Aristoteles, - 0384-0322 av. J.-C.
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"Essences have been assigned important but controversial explanatory roles in philosophical, scientific, and social theorizing. Is it possible for the same organism to be first a caterpillar and then a butterfly? Is it impossible for a human being to transform into an insect like Gregor Samsa does in Kafka's The Metamorphosis? Is it impossible for Lot's wife to survive being turned into a pillar of salt? Traditionally, essences (or natures) have been thought to help answer such central questions about existence, identity, persistence, and modality. These questions are not only of great philosophical interest, they also are of great interest to society at large. This Handbook surveys the state of the art on essence. Core issues about essence are discussed in 33 chapters, all of them written exclusively for this volume by leading experts. They are organized into the following four major parts, each with its own introduction that provides a summary and comparison of the part's chapters: History Essence and Essentialisms: Themes and Variations Applications Anti-Essentialist Challenges. The volume is accessible enough for students while also providing enough details to make it a valuable reference for researchers. While the notion of essence has been targeted for sustained criticisms since antiquity, recent work has renewed interest in the topic. The Handbook explains and synthesizes much of this current interest, placing essence within its historical context and drawing connections to many contemporary areas of philosophy as well as to scholarly work in other disciplines. With cross-references in each chapter and a comprehensive index, The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy is a useful resource and essential reading for anyone, whether in or out of academic philosophy, seeking clarification on one of philosophy's most distinctive and notorious notions"--
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