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Démonstration de l'existence de deux perspectives concurrentes sur le mystère de la création à travers une étude des textes et contextes et l'histoire de la théologie entre Orient byzantin et Occident latin.

Creation --- Ontology --- Création --- Ontologie --- History of doctrines --- History. --- Histoire des doctrines --- Histoire --- Thomas, --- Gregory Palamas, --- Maximus, --- Influence. --- Catholic Church --- Orthodox Eastern Church --- Relations --- Orthodox Eastern Church. --- Catholic Church. --- Doctrines --- 276 =75 MAXIMUS CONFESSOR --- 2 THOMAS AQUINAS:276 --- Griekse patrologie--MAXIMUS CONFESSOR --- Godsdienst. Theologie-:-Patrologie. Patristiek--THOMAS AQUINAS --- 2 THOMAS AQUINAS:276 Godsdienst. Theologie-:-Patrologie. Patristiek--THOMAS AQUINAS --- Création --- Maximus Confessor --- Thomas Aquinas --- Thomas d'Aquin --- Thomas van Aquino --- Thomas von Aquin --- Aquinas, Thomas --- d'Aquin, Thomas --- Maximus --- Maxime le Confesseur --- Maximus der Bekenner --- Maximus the Confessor --- Massimo il Confessore --- Maksim Ispovednik --- Maksim Spoznavalec --- Maximos Homologetes --- Maxim Mărturisitorul --- Hagios Maximos, --- Maksim, --- Makʻsime Aġmsarebeli, --- Massimo Confessore, --- Massimo il Confessore, --- Maxim, --- Maxime le Confesseur, --- Maximos Confessor, --- Maximos, --- Maximos ho Gkraikos, --- Maximos ho Homologētēs, --- Maximus Confessor, --- Maximus of Constantinople, --- Sfântul Maxim,

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Maximus Confessor

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State-contingent debt instruments such as GDP-linked warrants have garnered attention as a potential tool to help debt-stressed economies smooth repayments over business cycles, yet very few studies of the empirical properties of these instruments exist. This paper develops a general f ramework to estimate the time-varying risk premium of a state-contingent sovereign debt instrument. Our estimation framework applied to GDP-linked warrants issued by Argentina, Greece, and Ukraine reveals three stylized facts: (i) the risk premium in state-contingent instruments is high and persistent; (ii) the risk premium exhibits a pro-cyclical pattern; and (iii) the liquidity premium is higher and more volatile than that for plain-vanilla government bonds issued by the same sovereign. We then present a model in which investors fear ambiguity and that can account for the cyclical properties of the risk premium.

Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Investments: Bonds --- Investments: General --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Contingent Pricing --- Futures Pricing --- option pricing --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Sovereign bonds --- Financial institutions --- Securities --- Bonds --- Liquidity --- Asset and liability management --- Debt restructuring --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Financial instruments --- Debts, External --- Saving and investment --- Ukraine

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This paper assesses the dynamic impact of global macroeconomic conditions, commodity price movements, shifts in portfolio preferences, and domestic shocks on fiscal outcomes—notably the budget deficit, its main components, and debt—across a wide range of countries. Heterogeneity is investigated across the level of development and other structural characteristics. Dynamics are explored via panel local projections, while robustness is assessed via dynamic panel and system GMM regressions. World growth, financial risk appetite, political events, and commodity export prices are key determinants of fiscal outcomes in EM, while domestic growth, commodity import prices, and banking crises appear to matter more in AE. Our estimates help quantify the amount of fiscal risk generated by various factors, and thus provide inputs for the design of potential insurance mechanisms or state-contingent debt instruments that could assist in smoothing fiscal fluctuations.

Business and Economics --- Commodity Markets --- Commodity price fluctuations --- Commodity prices --- Debt Management --- Debt --- Debts, Public --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Fiscal stance --- Government debt management --- International Fiscal Issues --- International Public Goods --- Macroeconomics --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Prices --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Sovereign Debt