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Agriculture is the primary human activity: it involves 1.3 billion people, nearly a quarter of the world’s population and half of its labour force. The cultivated area, i.e., the area where humans plan and directly control the vegetation cover, now represents over 20% of the landmass. Faced with the challenges of demography and poverty, agricultural systems, in all their diversity, are being called upon to intensify and enhance the production of goods and services. At the same time, they are expected to be able to cope better with climatic and other risks and uncertainties. How can biodiversity contribute to the transformation of these agricultural systems? The diversity of living organisms has served agriculture since its origins in the Neolithic Era. But modern farming has aimed for ever increasing and consistent yields, relying on massive use of synthetic inputs and fossil energy to do so. Indeed, we seem to have forgotten how much plant, animal and microbial biodiversity are the engine of all production processes and the basis for the regulation of ecosystems, both cultivated and natural. We will have to understand biodiversity better, remobilize it, enrich it and plan it – in one word cultivate it – in order to intensify production in a sustainable manner and ensure global food security. This will put agriculture in the developing world at the centre of discussions on possible transformations of agricultural systems. This book approaches these issues from various angles and shows how these transformations are not limited to the plot and its crop but also concern the profound links between rural communities and their living heritage, their ways to conserve this agrobiodiversity and their innovative ways for benefitting from it. This book is intended for a scientific audience, researchers and academics from across fields (ecology, genetics, social sciences, plant protection, agronomy, environment, rural development) as well as for the general informed public. Étienne Hainzelin, agronomist, has a doctorate in plant science. He has held several scientific positions in Côte d’Ivoire, Réunion and several times in Brazil. Former Director of Research and Strategy at CIRAD, he is currently Adviser to the CEO of CIRAD. He is also a visiting professor at the University of Ottawa. Foreword by Gilles Boeuf, President, National Museum of Natural History, Paris and Full Professor, Pierre and Marie Curie University.

Green movement -- Economic aspects. --- Green products. --- New business enterprises. --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Agriculture - General --- Biodiversity. --- Agriculture. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Life sciences. --- Ecosystems. --- Plant ecology. --- Nature conservation. --- Sustainable development. --- Life Sciences. --- Sustainable Development. --- Nature Conservation. --- Plant Ecology. --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Botany --- Plants --- Ecology --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Population biology --- Floristic ecology --- Agrobiodiversity conservation.

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Agriculture is the primary human activity: it involves 1.3 billion people, nearly a quarter of the world’s population and half of its labour force. The cultivated area, i.e., the area where humans plan and directly control the vegetation cover, now represents over 20% of the landmass. Faced with the challenges of demography and poverty, agricultural systems, in all their diversity, are being called upon to intensify and enhance the production of goods and services. At the same time, they are expected to be able to cope better with climatic and other risks and uncertainties. How can biodiversity contribute to the transformation of these agricultural systems? The diversity of living organisms has served agriculture since its origins in the Neolithic Era. But modern farming has aimed for ever increasing and consistent yields, relying on massive use of synthetic inputs and fossil energy to do so. Indeed, we seem to have forgotten how much plant, animal and microbial biodiversity are the engine of all production processes and the basis for the regulation of ecosystems, both cultivated and natural. We will have to understand biodiversity better, remobilize it, enrich it and plan it – in one word cultivate it – in order to intensify production in a sustainable manner and ensure global food security. This will put agriculture in the developing world at the centre of discussions on possible transformations of agricultural systems. This book approaches these issues from various angles and shows how these transformations are not limited to the plot and its crop but also concern the profound links between rural communities and their living heritage, their ways to conserve this agrobiodiversity and their innovative ways for benefitting from it. This book is intended for a scientific audience, researchers and academics from across fields (ecology, genetics, social sciences, plant protection, agronomy, environment, rural development) as well as for the general informed public. Étienne Hainzelin, agronomist, has a doctorate in plant science. He has held several scientific positions in Côte d’Ivoire, Réunion and several times in Brazil. Former Director of Research and Strategy at CIRAD, he is currently Adviser to the CEO of CIRAD. He is also a visiting professor at the University of Ottawa. Foreword by Gilles Boeuf, President, National Museum of Natural History, Paris and Full Professor, Pierre and Marie Curie University.

Nature protection --- General ecology and biosociology --- Biology --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Production management --- systematische plantkunde --- biologie --- landbouw --- armoede --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- natuurbescherming --- ecosystemen --- Stone age --- Prehistory --- Agrobiodiversity conservation.

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La sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle fait référence au défi de fournir une alimentation saine, durable et accessible à tous les êtres humains, avec quatre dimensions couvrant des questions interconnectées : la disponibilité, l’accès, l’utilisation et la stabilité. Cet immense défi nécessite de transformer les systèmes alimentaires et de mobiliser tous les acteurs et décideurs politiques en se basant sur des connaissances et des preuves scientifiques intersectorielles et intégrées. Pour aider à relever ces défis, le Cirad et INRAE ont mené, entre 2014 et 2020, un ambitieux programme interdisciplinaire sur les transitions pour la sécurité alimentaire mondiale, appelé GloFoodS. Cet ouvrage présente des résultats de recherche récents correspondant à un large éventail de disciplines et obtenus à partir d’une variété d’échelles d’analyse, combinant des approches locales et globales de la sécurité alimentaire. Il explore des questions telles que la gouvernance des systèmes alimentaires, l’équilibre et les écarts entre l’offre agricole et les besoins alimentaires, le rôle des innovations pour fournir des aliments de haute qualité et promouvoir des chaînes de valeur résilientes, ou encore le rôle de la gestion des ressources locales pour atteindre la sécurité alimentaire. Cet ouvrage s’adresse à un large public scientifique de chercheurs, d’enseignants, de professionnels des systèmes alimentaires et de décideurs, ainsi qu’à tous les lecteurs intéressés par les questions de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle.

Grocery shopping --- Food security --- Agricultural ecology

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Profound transformations are affecting the research systems around the world. We witness the emergence of new or restructured organizations to steer public research or promote innovation, new programmatic directions within these organizations, increased funding dedicated to research in academic settings, and new domestic and international partnerships and collaborations. A multiplicity of organizations and funding sources have appeared, creating a complex web where resources circulate along with knowledge in ways that are reshaping research systems in the South. This book gathers a large sample of these changes presented during a symposium organized by IDRC, IRD, IFRIS, and OECD, seeking to better understand their institutional, political and economic drivers. These cases document the building of scientific capacity and the broader use of results from scientific research and presents lessons for public policy. A large variety of case studies of specific research organizations and comparative analysis of the wider research system are presented in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Economics --- innovation --- développement --- politiques publiques --- économie --- Afrique --- Asie --- financement --- Amérique latine --- recherche publique --- Africa --- Latin America --- Asia --- development --- economics --- fundings --- public policy --- public research