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The idea of the body as a mirror of the soul has fascinated mankind throughout history. Being able to see through an individual, and drawing conclusions on their character solely based on a selection of external features, is the subject of physiognomy, and has a long tradition running well into recent times. However, the pre-modern, especially medieval background of this discipline has remained underexplored. The selected case studies in this volume each contribute to a better understanding of the history of physiognomy from antiquity to the Renaissance, and offer discussions on unedited treatises and on the application, development, and reception of this field of knowledge, as well as on visual sources inspired by physiognomic theory.

Physiognomy --- Soul. --- Mind and body. --- History

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The idea of the body as a mirror of the soul has fascinated mankind throughout history. Being able to see through an individual, and drawing conclusions on their character solely based on a selection of external features, is the subject of physiognomy, and has a long tradition running well into recent times. However, the pre-modern, especially medieval background of this discipline has remained underexplored. The selected case studies in this volume each contribute to a better understanding of the history of physiognomy from antiquity to the Renaissance, and offer discussions on unedited treatises and on the application, development, and reception of this field of knowledge, as well as on visual sources inspired by physiognomic theory.

159.923 --- 159.9 <09> --- 159.9 <09> Psychologie--Geschiedenis van ... --- 159.9 <09> Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van ... --- Psychologie--Geschiedenis van ... --- Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van ... --- 159.923 Persoonlijkheid. Identiteit --- Persoonlijkheid. Identiteit --- Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van .. --- Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van . --- Philosophical anthropology --- Depth psychology --- Religious studies --- Physiognomy --- Morphopsychologie --- Âme --- Homme (théologie) --- Corps humain --- History --- Histoire. --- Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}--Geschiedenis van --- Âme --- Homme (théologie)

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Physiognomy --- Physiognomonica

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This Master's thesis concentrates on the knowledge of pseudo-Aristotle's Problemata Physica in the Middle Ages. This Greek work treats a variety of subjects and consists of 38 sections. I singled out one section on which the further investigations are based, i.e. Section XXXII which deals with the ears. The content of the Greek Problemata Physica was known in the Middle Ages through the Latin translation of Bartholomew of Messina. However, this translation was established fairly late - only at the end of the 13th century - due to the content which was a mix of different disciplines. Bartholomew's translation is characterized by its verbum de verbo method, that is a word-for-word translation by which - in theory - every Greek word has its counterpart in Latin. This method of translation was common in his time and showed a profound respect for the source text. This practice enables us to take a closer look at Bartholomew's translation method and to try to determine his own influence on the text. It also invites us to notice differences between Bartholomew's translation and his Greek source text. The Latin translation survived in more than 60 manuscripts. Previous research enabled me to concentrate on twelve manuscripts which are the most interesting ones to reconstruct Bartholomew's original text. Based on the collations of these manuscripts, I offer a hypothetical codicological stemma which provides insight on how those manuscripts are related to each other. With this stemma in mind, the text of Section XXXII is critically edited. Some 40 years after the completion of Bartholomew's translation, the Italian scholar Peter of Abano wrote a commentary on this work. Using Bartholomew's translation, which was at times obscure, Peter tried to clarify it by elaborating the content and adding knowledge of other authors. With the use of some examples I demonstrate his method of working, where he struggled with Bartholomew's translation or where he must have had a corrupt manuscript at his disposal. This extensive commentary was transmitted in twenty-one manuscripts, but a division must be made between the manuscripts containing Peter of Abano's commentary and those containing a later redaction by Jean of Jandun who used the text in his lectures at the University of Paris. The nine manuscripts with Peter's commentary in Section XXXII are collated, together with two manuscripts containing the text of Jean of Jandun. A comparison between those two versions shows us to what extent the commentary had been revised. A codicological stemma is constructed to disentangle the relationship between those eleven manuscripts. However, this stemma is not applicable to the complete commentary - it seems that the relationship is different for the first and the second part of the commentary. After establishing the stemma, a critical edition of Section XXXII is offered.