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En 1947 éclate à Madagascar une insurrection considérée comme le signe avant-coureur de la décolonisation en Afrique. Elle est très violemment réprimée, mais se poursuit jusqu'à la fin 1948. Octave Mannoni, qui vit dans le pays, écrit alors ce texte fondateur qui constitue une critique radicale du colonialisme. Il y montre, par la voie de la psychanalyse et de la psychologie, comment les images que le colonisateur s'est fabriquées du colonisé le nient : « Le Nègre, c'est la peur que le Blanc a de lui-même. » Mannoni analyse le mécanisme de dépendance unissant le colonisé au colon par l'écran imaginaire que chacun a dressé entre lui et l'autre. La perspective anthropologique est donc aussi essentielle dans cette réflexion que les préoccupations politiques qui l'ont motivée. Cette analyse, totalement nouvelle en 1950, provoqua de vigoureuses critiques d'Aimé Césaire et de Frantz Fanon, qui visèrent particulièrement le « complexe de dépendance » du colonisé. Mannoni y répondit dans des articles ou de nouvelles introductions aux rééditions successives du livre, dont cette nouvelle édition rend compte. Aucune analyse du racisme n'est neutre, il le sait. C'est donc aussi une « décolonisation de soi-même » qui s'impose, toujours à recommencer, comme il l'écrira dans un article ultérieur, donné ici en fin de livre.
Colonies --- Social psychology --- Indigenous peoples - Madagascar --- Indigenous peoples --- Colonisation --- Aspect psychologique. --- Madagascar --- Colonization --- Racism --- Psychological aspects. --- History
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Catharanthus roseus --- Genetics. --- Cape periwinkle --- Madagascar periwinkle --- Periwinkle, Cape --- Periwinkle, Madagascar --- Periwinkle, Red --- Periwinkle, Rose --- Red periwinkle --- Rose periwinkle --- Rosy periwinkle --- Vinca rosea --- Catharanthus --- Plantes medicinals --- Genètica vegetal
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In 1820, King Radama of Imerina, Madagascar signed a treaty allowing approximately one hundred young Malagasy to train abroad under official British supervision, the so-called 'Madagascar Youths'. In this lively and carefully researched book, Gwyn Campbell traces the Youths' untold history, from the signing of the treaty to their eventual recall to Madagascar. Extensive use of primary sources has enabled Campbell to explore the Madagascar Youths' experiences in Britain, Mauritius and aboard British anti-slave trade vessels, and their instrumental role in the modernisation of Madagascar. Through this remarkable history, Campbell examines how Malagasy-British relations developed, then soured, providing vital context to our understanding of slavery, mission activity and British imperialism in the nineteenth century.
Young men --- Acculturation --- Imperialism. --- Social conditions --- History --- Madagascar --- Great Britain --- Foreign relations --- Civilization --- Social conditions.
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On the northeast coast of Madagascar, near the town of Vohemar, is a large cemetery dating to the fourteenth century. During World War II, French troops excavated the site but left no comprehensive report. University of Michigan archaeologist Henry T. Wright led an intensive archaeological survey in the region, hoping to find evidence of earlier settlements. In four seasons, the researchers found evidence of several settlements dating to different periods: a large port site dating to the same era as the cemetery; early estuarine villages of the 7th and 8th centuries; and a rock shelter with microlithic tools. In this study, Wright presents the survey results in detail, including the evidence for settlements as well as illustrations of the ceramics and stone tools.
Excavations (Archaeology) --- Land settlement patterns --- Archaeology --- Archaeological surveying --- Ethnoarchaeology --- Vohémar (Madagascar) --- Antiquities.
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Dans un monde confronté aux changements climatiques et à des pandémies en lien avec la destruction des milieux naturels, les enjeux liés à la préservation de la biodiversité sont dorénavant bien connus et ont donné lieu à des accords internationaux majeurs, comme le protocole de Nagoya. Dans ce contexte mondial, les recherches menées au Sud sont primordiales. Les contributions rédigées ici par des chercheurs dʼAfrique, de lʼocéan Indien, dʼAsie du Sud-Est et dʼEurope traduisent la vigueur de la recherche sur la biodiversité dans les pays intertropicaux francophones. Documenter la diversité des écosystèmes végétaux locaux, mieux connaître les savoirs traditionnels et les utilisations populaires des plantes ou des champignons, valoriser le rôle des collections botaniques, identifier des chaînes de valorisation économique responsables, gérer durablement les écosystèmes et leurs ressources, élaborer des outils stratégiques pour une gouvernance environnementale basée sur la science et, enfin, montrer la nécessité de lʼimplication citoyenne et de lʼensemble des acteurs concernés, tels sont les grands thèmes déclinés ici. Cet ouvrage collectif intéressera tous ceux qui travaillent sur la biodiversité des écosystèmes intertropicaux. Il souligne la nécessité dʼune science de lʼaction au service du développement durable.
Environmental studies, Geography & Development --- plantes --- champignons --- collections botaniques --- développement --- écologie --- savoirs traditionnels --- valorisation --- médicaments --- alimentation --- gestion environnementale --- Afrique --- Madagascar
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At the request of the Ministry of the Economy and Finance (Ministère de l’Économie et des Finances (MEF)) and in consultation with the African Department (AFR) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the IMF Statistics Department (STA) carried out a remote mission on government finance statistics (GFS) from November 29–December 10, 2021. The purpose of the mission was to continue to support the Malagasy authorities in their work to adopt international standards of the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 (GFSM 2014) for their GFS. The mission would like to thank the Research Directorate (Direction des Études (DE)) of the Directorate General of the Treasury (Direction Générale du Trésor (DGT)) for its close collaboration and more specifically for the timely communication of the required documents, which was essential to the success of the mission given the remote working conditions.
Money and Monetary Policy --- International Economics --- Monetary Policy --- International Agreements and Observance --- International Organizations --- Monetary economics --- International institutions --- Monetary policy --- International organization --- International agencies --- Madagascar, Republic of
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Madagascar is exposed to a multitude of climate hazards such as tropical cyclones, droughts, and floods, which cause significant damage to key sectors, thereby undermining development efforts. Madagascar continues to develop strategies and policies for addressing climate change, including commitments under the Nationally Determined Contribution, natural disaster risk management, adaptation measures, and ongoing public financial management and public investment management reforms. Resilience to climate shocks and natural disasters can only be achieved through a combination of climate measures, public investment efficiency measures and public investments in both human capital and resilient infrastructure.
Money and Monetary Policy --- International Economics --- Monetary Policy --- International Agreements and Observance --- International Organizations --- Monetary economics --- International institutions --- Monetary policy --- International organization --- International agencies --- Madagascar, Republic of
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At the request of the Ministry of the Economy and Finance (Ministère de l’Économie et des Finances (MEF)) and in consultation with the African Department (AFR) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the IMF Statistics Department (STA) carried out a remote mission on government finance statistics (GFS) from November 29–December 10, 2021. The purpose of the mission was to continue to support the Malagasy authorities in their work to adopt international standards of the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 (GFSM 2014) for their GFS. The mission would like to thank the Research Directorate (Direction des Études (DE)) of the Directorate General of the Treasury (Direction Générale du Trésor (DGT)) for its close collaboration and more specifically for the timely communication of the required documents, which was essential to the success of the mission given the remote working conditions.
Madagascar, Republic of --- Money and Monetary Policy --- International Economics --- Monetary Policy --- International Agreements and Observance --- International Organizations --- Monetary economics --- International institutions --- Monetary policy --- International organization --- International agencies
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