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"This is a book about the multidisciplinary topic of emergence. Science, philosophy of science, and metaphysics have long been concerned with the question of how order, stability, and novelty are possible and how they happen. How can order come out of disorder? We provide a new account of emergence, contextual emergence, that attempts to answer these questions. Contextual emergence is grounded primarily in the sciences as opposed to logic or metaphysics. Contextual emergence is both an explanatory and ontological account of emergence that gets us beyond the impasse between "weak" and "strong" emergence in the emergence debates. Contextual emergence challenges the "foundationalist" or hierarchical picture of reality. Contextual emergence emphasizes the ontological and explanatory fundamentality of multiscale stability conditions and their contextual constraints, often operating globally over interconnected, interdependent, and interacting entities and their multiscale relations. Contextual emergence focuses on the conditions that make the existence, stability, and persistence of emergent systems and their states and observables possible. These conditions and constraints are irreducibly multiscale relations, so it is not surprising that scientific explanation is often multiscale. Such multiscale conditions act as gatekeepers for systems to access modal possibilities (e.g., reducing or enhancing a system's degrees of freedom). Using examples from across the sciences ranging from physics to biology to neuroscience and beyond, we demonstrate that there is an empirically well-grounded, viable alternative to ontological reductionism coupled with explanatory anti-reductionism (weak emergence) and ontological disunity coupled with the impossibility of robust scientific explanation (strong emergence). Central metaphysics of science concerns are also addressed"--
Cosmology --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Evolution --- Metaphysics
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Complexitat (Filosofia) --- Complexitat computacional --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy)
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Complexity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Complexitat (Filosofia) --- Complexitat computacional --- Complexitat de càlcul (Informàtica) --- Processament de dades --- Teoria de màquines --- Programació (Matemàtica) --- Filosofia
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Emergence (Philosophy) --- Metaphysics. --- Ontology. --- Being --- Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- God --- Ontology --- Philosophy of mind --- Emergent evolution (Philosophy) --- Emergent laws (Philosophy) --- Emergent philosophy --- Emergent properties (Philosophy) --- Emergent structure (Philosophy) --- Emergentism (Philosophy) --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Evolution
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This Element offers an overview of some of the most important debates in philosophy and physics around the topics of emergence and reduction and proposes a compatibilist view of emergence and reduction. In particular, it suggests that specific notions of emergence, which the author calls 'few-many emergence' and 'coarse-grained emergence', are compatible with 'intertheoretic reduction'. Some further issues that will be addressed concern the comparison between parts-whole emergence and few-many emergence, the emergence of effective (-field) theories, the use of infinite limits, the notion of intertheoretic reduction and the explanation of universal and cooperative behavior. Although the focus will be principally on classical phase transitions and other examples from condensed matter physics, the main aim is to draw some general conclusions on the topics of emergence and reduction that can help us understand a variety of case-studies ranging from high-energy physics to astrophysics.
Physics --- Reductionism. --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Emergent evolution (Philosophy) --- Emergent laws (Philosophy) --- Emergent philosophy --- Emergent properties (Philosophy) --- Emergent structure (Philosophy) --- Emergentism (Philosophy) --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Evolution --- Physics--Philosophy --- Reductionism --- Philosophy of science
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Advancements in digital technologies are reshaping the world of dentistry, from prosthodontics to implant dentistry. Intraoral scanners, facial scanners, 3D printers, and milling machines have revolutionized the clinical approach and operative workflow in daily practice. However, digital dentistry brings several challenges to clinicians due to the rapid evolution of new technologies and the lack of evidence-based guidelines for their correct use. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the latest advances in the development and application of digital technologies in prosthetic and implant dentistry. We wish to provide both clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive and up-to-date source of information on current trends, limitations, and potential future applications of digital technologies in daily clinical practice.
Medicine --- dental implants --- digital impression --- intraoral scanner --- CAD/CAM materials --- toothbrushing wear --- surface --- roughness --- surface integrity --- alveolar remodeling --- tooth extraction --- intraoral digital scanning --- imaging superimposition --- less traumatic surgery --- socket healing --- implantology --- computer-aided surgery --- image-guided surgery --- zygomatic implants --- navigation system --- dental implant --- bone level --- prospective study --- sub-crestal placement --- emergence profile --- guided surgery --- digital workflow --- stereolithographic surgical guide --- accuracy --- CAD–CAM --- DICOM–STL --- static guided surgery --- clinical study --- intraoral scanners --- digital dentistry --- impression techniques --- full-arch impression --- elderly population --- dimensional measurement accuracy --- implant scan --- operator --- precision --- scan area --- trueness --- occlusion --- overloading --- complications --- implant-supported restorations --- marginal bone loss --- oral implantology --- intraoral scan --- cone-beam computed tomography --- oral surgery --- emergence angle --- retrospective study
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In Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms Ingvild Bode and Hendrik Huelss present an innovative analysis of how testing, developing, and using weapons systems with autonomous features shapes ethical and legal norms, arguing that they have already established standards for what counts as meaningful human control.
Autonomous weapons systems (International law) --- Artificial intelligence --- Autonomous weapons systems --- Military applications. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- AI. --- Peace. --- air defense system. --- autonomy. --- conflict. --- constructivist. --- disarmament. --- human machine interaction. --- international law. --- killer robots. --- non-governmental. --- norm emergence. --- policy. --- public. --- regulation. --- relations. --- research. --- science. --- security algorithms. --- technology. --- think tanks. --- war. --- weaponized artificial intelligence.
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Design Journeys through Complex Systemscombines systemic design, leading thinking practices, and years of the combined authors’ experiences into a practitioner’s handbook for design thinking. By drawing upon the authors’ Systemic Design Toolkit, this book provides detailed knowledge of systems science, expanding upon essential systemic design texts in order to demonstrate the power of visual sensemaking.No matter if you’re a design professional or have never come across design systems, these pages allow the user to reassess, reorientate, and address complex issues. By using these methods, you’ll be able to visualize socio-technical systems, democratizing engagement as you simplify complex thoFormed by leaders of and pioneers in systemic design, Dr. Peter Jones and Kristel Van Ael, Design Journeys through Complex Systems is an illuminating text that ushers in a new era of systems change. If you’re a change-maker looking to become a thought leader, the methods embedded in systemic design will light your way to success.ught processes.
Organization theory --- Production management --- Product strategy --- System design --- Design --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- 749.011 --- 7.011 --- Ontwerpmethodiek ; handboeken --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Design, System --- Systems design --- Electronic data processing --- System analysis --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Methodology --- Meubelkunst en design ; vormgeving, ontwerp, compositie --- Kunst ; ontwerp, compositie + communicatie over design (algemeen) --- design [discipline] --- Systeemtheorie sociale wetenschappen. --- 770.6 --- ontwerpmethodiek --- designtheorie --- systemic design --- 770.7 --- cocreation --- productdesign, filosofie, esthetiek en kritiek --- interaction design, participatory design, social design --- Complexity (Philosophy). --- Complexité (Philosophie). --- Conception de systèmes. --- System design. --- Methodology. --- Méthodologie.
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The riveting quest to construct the machine that would take on the world’s greatest human chess player—told by the man who built itOn May 11, 1997, millions worldwide heard news of a stunning victory, as a machine defeated the defending world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. Behind Deep Blue tells the inside story of the quest to create the mother of all chess machines and what happened at the two historic Deep Blue vs. Kasparov matches. Feng-hsiung Hsu, the system architect of Deep Blue, reveals how a modest student project started at Carnegie Mellon in 1985 led to the production of a multimillion-dollar supercomputer. Hsu discusses the setbacks, tensions, and rivalries in the race to develop the ultimate chess machine, and the wild controversies that culminated in the final triumph over the world's greatest human player. With a new foreword by Jon Kleinberg and a new preface from the author, Behind Deep Blue offers a remarkable look at one of the most famous advances in artificial intelligence, and the brilliant toolmaker who invented it.
Échecs electroniques. --- Deep Blue (Ordinateur) --- Computer chess. --- Deep Blue (Computer) --- Aircraft. --- Algebraic notation (chess). --- Analogy. --- Annotation. --- Behavior. --- Chessboard. --- Computation. --- Concept. --- Dependability. --- Diagram. --- Ecosystem. --- Educational technology. --- Emergence. --- Explanation. --- Facilitator. --- Feng-hsiung Hsu. --- Foreword. --- Heuristic. --- Human Dimension. --- Human eye. --- In scale. --- Interaction. --- Medical diagnosis. --- Mental image. --- Metaphor. --- Motivation. --- Murray Campbell. --- Notation. --- Prime number. --- Quantity. --- RC4. --- Reason. --- Result. --- Scientific notation. --- Scientist. --- Speech recognition. --- Watson (computer). --- Writing. --- IBM computers --- Supercomputers --- Chess --- Data processing
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"Stories that Bind: Political Economy and Culture in New India examines the assertion of authoritarian nationalism and neoliberalism; both backed by the authority of the state and argues that contemporary India should be understood as the intersection of the two. More importantly, the book reveals, through its focus on India and its complex media landscape that this intersection has a narrative form, which author, Madhavi Murty labels spectacular realism. The book shows that the intersection of neoliberalism with authoritarian nationalism is strengthened by the circulation of stories about "emergence," "renewal," "development," and "mobility" of the nation and its people. It studies stories told through film, journalism, and popular non-fiction along with the stories narrated by political and corporate leaders to argue that Hindu nationalism and neoliberalism are conjoined in popular culture and that consent for this political economic project is crucially won in the domain of popular culture. Moving between mediascapes to create an archive of popular culture, Murty advances our understanding of political economy through material that is often seen as inconsequential, namely the popular cultural story. These stories stoke our desires (e.g. for wealth), scaffold our instincts (e.g. for a strong leadership) and shape our values"--
Hindutva --- Neoliberalism --- Popular culture --- Mass media --- Political aspects --- India --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government --- Political Economy, Culture, New India, authoritarian nationalism, neoliberalism, contemporary India, media, spectacular realism, emergence, renewal, development, mobility, film, journalism, popular non-fiction, political leaders, corporate leaders, Hindu nationalism, popular culture, mediascapes, Caste, Religion, Poverty, entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur, identity politics, new times, love, Narendra, Modi, prime minister Modi, Gujarat, Bharatiya Janata Party, National Democratic Alliance, Hinduism, Indian. --- Hindutva. --- Neoliberalism. --- Sociology. --- Political aspects.
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