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The domestication of the wild boar and the emergence of the domestic pig are a fundamental aspect of the Neolithic and a key moment in human history. This book represents the most comprehensive zooarchaeological study to date of the origins and evolution of the domestication of the pig in the Italian peninsula, from a wide regional scale and a diachronic perspective. Some key archaeological questions addressed concern how and when the process of pig domestication commenced in Italy, how it evolved, and how it compares with the wider European and Middle Eastern scenarios. Through the collection of mainly biometrical data from several Italian prehistoric sites, this book explores changes in pig management through time, from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age. The results are articulated with both historical changes in Italian societies and evidence from other areas, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of domestication.
Swine --- Domestication --- History. --- Animals, Fossil --- Animal remains (Archaeology) --- Animals, Domestication of --- Animal training --- Domestic animals --- Pets --- Domestic pig --- Hogs --- Pig --- Pig farming --- Pigs --- Sus domestica --- Sus domesticus --- Sus scrofa domestica --- Sus scrofa domesticus --- Livestock --- Sus --- History --- Social aspects
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Swine --- Swine breeders --- History --- Swine breeders. --- Swine. --- To 1500. --- Europe. --- North Africa. --- Livestock breeders --- Domestic pig --- Hogs --- Pig --- Pig farming --- Pigs --- Sus domestica --- Sus domesticus --- Sus scrofa domestica --- Sus scrofa domesticus --- Livestock --- Sus
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Notre échantillon est constitué de 5 cochons d’Inde adultes (de 8 mois à 4 ans) sans pathologie cardio-vasculaire détectée. Trois d’entre eux sont venus à la Clinique Vétérinaire Universitaire de Liège pour d’autres pathologies au cours des deux dernières années, les deux autres cobayes sont venus expressément pour cette étude. Ils ont subi un examen général, une auscultation cardio-respiratoire, et une échocardiographie pour 2 d’entre eux. Le Vertebral Heart Size a été mesuré à partir d’une radiographie du thorax en vue latéro-latérale droite, en conservant le procédé établi chez les autres animaux de compagnie : le grand axe est mesuré de l’apex cardiaque jusqu’au bord ventral de la carina, le petit axe est perpendiculaire au grand axe et est mesuré à l’endroit le plus large de la silhouette cardiaque. Ces deux longueurs sont reportées le long de la colonne vertébrale à partir du bord crânial du corps de la 4ème vertèbre thoracique, les nombres de vertèbres correspondant sont comptés au ¼ de vertèbre près et additionnés pour donner le Vertebral Heart Size. Pour chaque sujet, la meilleure radiographie a été sélectionnée, et 5 lecteurs différents ont mesuré les Vertebral Heart Size de chaque cobaye avec les mêmes consignes. Les valeurs moyennes de chaque cobaye sont homogènes, mais nous avons calculé une différence significative (niveau de confiance de 95%) entre les moyennes des mesures de deux lecteurs, et elle ne semble pas liée à l’expérience de ceux-ci en radiologie. De plus, nous observons qu’une valeur s’écarte fortement des autres, ce qui peut être expliqué par une moindre qualité de la radiographie de ce cobaye. Cet échantillon est trop petit que pour pouvoir estimer la moyenne du Vertebral Heart Size des cobayes adultes de compagnie, mais il présente des informations intéressantes sur la variabilité inter-observateur et l’importance de la qualité de la radiographie, qui seront à prendre en compte lors d’une étude souhaitant mesurer une norme pour le Vertebral Heart Size du cochon d’Inde.
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Les colibacilloses du porc sont des pathologies aiguës caractéristiques de la période néonatale au post-sevrage, provoquant un important taux de mortalité en élevage mais aussi et surtout d’importantes pertes économiques. Le présent travail mettra ici l’emphase sur les affections suivantes: la diarrhée néonatale, la diarrhée de post-sevrage et la maladie de l'œdème, chacune d'elles ayant leurs particularités en terme de moment d’apparition, de symptomatologie, de pathogénie mais aussi de prévention et de gestion. Ce travail de fin d’études s’articulera en plusieurs parties, en commençant tout d’abord par une description des différentes maladies de façon la plus exhaustive possible, suivie d’une deuxième partie concernant les différents mécanismes de résistance mis en évidence à ce jour chez le porc. Celui-ci s’inscrit dans le contexte actuel d’antibiorésistance, un challenge pour cette nouvelle génération de vétérinaires et vient questionner de l’intérêt d’une possible sélection de porcs résistants en complément à une utilisation raisonnée des antibiotiques et à la vaccination préventive.
edema disease --- genetic resistance --- genetic --- pigs --- pig production --- escherichia coli --- sus scrofa --- swine --- colibacillosis --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale
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Leptospirosis is a worldwide-distributed, re-emerging zoonosis due to the large variety of wild and domestic animal species that can play the role of natural or accidental host. Currently, specific animal species play an important role as reservoirs for particular Leptospira serovars, although recent investigations have highlighted new host–pathogen interactions involved in Leptospira epidemiology. Furthermore, the constant modification of ecosystems and wildlife habitats and the constantly increasing number of animal species moving towards urban or peri-urban areas are increasing the possibility of direct or indirect contact between wildlife and domestic animals; furthermore, the constant modification of animal leptospirosis also causes problems for human health. The studies published in this book have evidenced and confirmed the hidden role of a large variety of animal species, domestic and wild, in leptospirosis epidemiology. They highlighted the necessity for continuous monitoring and large-scale surveillance studies to better understand this neglected and re-emerging zoonosis.
Leptospirosis --- pig --- MAT --- real-time PCR --- genotyping --- epidemiology --- Australis --- canine leptospirosis --- Icterohaemorrhagiae --- multi-locus sequence typing --- leptospirosis --- zoonosis --- infectious disease --- multilocus sequence typing (MLST) --- wildlife --- Leptospira fainei --- intermediate Leptospira --- Leptospira spp. --- cattle --- abortion --- pathology --- non-maintenance serovars --- PCR --- lfb1-phylogeny --- Leptospira --- African green monkeys --- Caribbean --- renal lesions --- dog --- multilocus sequence typing --- multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis --- MaxEnt --- risk map --- Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) --- climate change --- wild boar --- Sus scrofa --- African green monkey --- Chlorocebus sabeus --- vaccine --- dogs --- bovine --- new Pomona serovars --- MLST --- VNTR
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RNA viruses cause animal, human, and zoonotic diseases that affect millions of individuals, as is being exemplified by the devastating ongoing epidemic of the recently identified SARS-Cov-2. For years vaccines have had an enormous impact on overcoming the global burden of diseases. Nowadays, a vast number of different approaches, from purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses are been employed to combat viruses. However, for many of them efficient vaccines are not yet available. This will probably change dramatically with the current Covid-19 pandemic, as a vast variety of vaccinology approaches are being tested against it, with hundreds of candidates under development, dozens of them already in clinical trials, a fact that is breaking records in vaccine development and implementation. This is becoming possible thanks to the enormous work carried out during years to have the bases for a quick response, even against unknown pathogens, in an impressive short time. Here, results obtained with different vaccine´s methodological approaches against human (HIV, HCV, HRV) animal (PRRSV, PEDV, FMDV, VHSV) and zoonotic (RVF, WNV), RNA viruses are presented by field experts.
artificial protein --- polyepitope B- and T-cell HIV-1 immunogen --- epitopes of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies --- peptide mimic of discontinuous epitope --- immunogenicity --- birds --- vaccines --- West Nile virus --- flavivirus --- herd immunity --- porcine epidemic diarrhea virus --- RNA interference --- processivity factor --- intestine epithelial cells --- N gene --- rotavirus nanoparticle vaccine --- gnotobiotic pigs --- FMDV --- peptide vaccine --- single dose --- amount --- pig --- VHSV --- non-virion (NV) --- transcriptome profiling --- rainbow trout --- immune pathways --- Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) --- modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) --- cellular response --- neutralizing antibodies --- Gn Gc glycoproteins --- passive serum:virus transfer --- hepatitis C virus --- neutralising antibodies --- animal models --- immune responses --- PRRSV Mosaic T-cell DNA vaccine VACV --- PRRS --- cross protection --- heterologous virus challenge --- n/a
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Leptospirosis is a worldwide-distributed, re-emerging zoonosis due to the large variety of wild and domestic animal species that can play the role of natural or accidental host. Currently, specific animal species play an important role as reservoirs for particular Leptospira serovars, although recent investigations have highlighted new host–pathogen interactions involved in Leptospira epidemiology. Furthermore, the constant modification of ecosystems and wildlife habitats and the constantly increasing number of animal species moving towards urban or peri-urban areas are increasing the possibility of direct or indirect contact between wildlife and domestic animals; furthermore, the constant modification of animal leptospirosis also causes problems for human health. The studies published in this book have evidenced and confirmed the hidden role of a large variety of animal species, domestic and wild, in leptospirosis epidemiology. They highlighted the necessity for continuous monitoring and large-scale surveillance studies to better understand this neglected and re-emerging zoonosis.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Leptospirosis --- pig --- MAT --- real-time PCR --- genotyping --- epidemiology --- Australis --- canine leptospirosis --- Icterohaemorrhagiae --- multi-locus sequence typing --- leptospirosis --- zoonosis --- infectious disease --- multilocus sequence typing (MLST) --- wildlife --- Leptospira fainei --- intermediate Leptospira --- Leptospira spp. --- cattle --- abortion --- pathology --- non-maintenance serovars --- PCR --- lfb1-phylogeny --- Leptospira --- African green monkeys --- Caribbean --- renal lesions --- dog --- multilocus sequence typing --- multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis --- MaxEnt --- risk map --- Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) --- climate change --- wild boar --- Sus scrofa --- African green monkey --- Chlorocebus sabeus --- vaccine --- dogs --- bovine --- new Pomona serovars --- MLST --- VNTR
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RNA viruses cause animal, human, and zoonotic diseases that affect millions of individuals, as is being exemplified by the devastating ongoing epidemic of the recently identified SARS-Cov-2. For years vaccines have had an enormous impact on overcoming the global burden of diseases. Nowadays, a vast number of different approaches, from purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses are been employed to combat viruses. However, for many of them efficient vaccines are not yet available. This will probably change dramatically with the current Covid-19 pandemic, as a vast variety of vaccinology approaches are being tested against it, with hundreds of candidates under development, dozens of them already in clinical trials, a fact that is breaking records in vaccine development and implementation. This is becoming possible thanks to the enormous work carried out during years to have the bases for a quick response, even against unknown pathogens, in an impressive short time. Here, results obtained with different vaccine´s methodological approaches against human (HIV, HCV, HRV) animal (PRRSV, PEDV, FMDV, VHSV) and zoonotic (RVF, WNV), RNA viruses are presented by field experts.
Medicine --- artificial protein --- polyepitope B- and T-cell HIV-1 immunogen --- epitopes of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies --- peptide mimic of discontinuous epitope --- immunogenicity --- birds --- vaccines --- West Nile virus --- flavivirus --- herd immunity --- porcine epidemic diarrhea virus --- RNA interference --- processivity factor --- intestine epithelial cells --- N gene --- rotavirus nanoparticle vaccine --- gnotobiotic pigs --- FMDV --- peptide vaccine --- single dose --- amount --- pig --- VHSV --- non-virion (NV) --- transcriptome profiling --- rainbow trout --- immune pathways --- Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) --- modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) --- cellular response --- neutralizing antibodies --- Gn Gc glycoproteins --- passive serum:virus transfer --- hepatitis C virus --- neutralising antibodies --- animal models --- immune responses --- PRRSV Mosaic T-cell DNA vaccine VACV --- PRRS --- cross protection --- heterologous virus challenge
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Contamination of foods and agricultural commodities by various types of toxigenic fungi is a concerning issue for human and animal health. Moulds naturally present in foods can produce mycotoxins and contaminate foodstuffs under favourable conditions of temperature, relative humidity, pH, and nutrient availability. Mycotoxins are, in general, stable molecules that are difficult to remove from foods once they have been produced. Therefore, the prevention of mycotoxin contamination is one of the main goals of the agriculture and food industries. Chemical control or decontamination techniques may be quite efficient; however, the more sustainable and restricted use of fungicides, the lack of efficiency in some foods, and the consumer demand for chemical-residue-free foods require new approaches to control this hazard. Therefore, food safety demands continued research efforts for exploring new strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. This Special Issue contains original contributions and reviews that advance the knowledge about the most current promising approaches to minimize mycotoxin contamination, including biological control agents, phytochemical antifungal compounds, enzyme detoxification, and the use of novel technologies.
n/a --- decontamination --- superheated steam --- quercetin glycosides --- antagonism --- mode of action --- corn --- Botrytis sp. --- AITC --- binding --- degradation --- brine shrimp bioassay --- apple pomace --- nanoparticles --- enzymatic detoxification --- Bacillus --- estrogen response element --- Fusarium --- biological detoxification --- abiotic factors --- stability --- fumonisin esterase FumD --- mycotoxigenic fungi --- Aspergillus flavus --- Aflatoxin M1 --- Fusarium graminearum --- milk --- Penicillium digitatum --- biocontrol agents --- biological control --- dry-cured ham --- mycotoxin reduction --- Fusarium sp. --- enzyme kinetics --- Penicillium nordicum --- Satureja montana --- roasted coffee --- fermentation --- crisp biscuit --- detoxification --- essential oils --- gene expression --- probiotics --- zearalenone --- mycotoxins --- degradation products --- Geothrichum citri-aurantii --- garlic-derived extracts --- Zearalenone --- biodegradation --- EU limits --- storage --- Origanum virens --- aflatoxin --- fungal growth reduction --- green chemistry --- Penicillium italicum --- deoxynivalenol --- ?-Fe2O3 --- ochratoxin A (OTA) --- wheat --- cell-free extracts of Aspergillus oryzae --- photocatalysis --- wheat quality --- post-harvest phytopathogen --- cold plasma --- pinnatifidanoside D --- ochratoxin A --- oats --- cell proliferation --- estrogen receptor --- Penicillium verrucosum --- pig production performance --- phloridzin --- maize --- biotransformation --- fumonisin --- fungi
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Within the idea and objective of bringing together original studies dealing with the continuum aspects of meat, i.e., from farm to fork, this book grouped papers on the study of the nutritional, sensory, and technological aspects of carcass, muscle, meat, and meat-product qualities. This nook highlights a great part of the research activities in the field of meat science. A total of 14 original studies and one comprehensive review were edited within five main topics: (i) production systems and rearing practices, (ii) prediction of meat quality, (iii) statistical approaches for meat quality prediction/management, (iv) muscle biochemistry and proteomics techniques, and (v) consumer acceptability, development, and characterization of meat products.
meat quality --- sensory and technological quality --- serratus ventralis muscle --- modeling --- suckling cattle --- immunohistology --- pig --- carcass --- LC-MS/MS --- calpain --- sensorial and technological quality --- on-line --- infraspinatus muscle --- statistical tools for meat quality prediction --- malondialdehyde --- skeletal muscle --- chuck sale section --- male and female turkeys --- rearing managements --- dry-cured belly --- meat science --- breeders --- carcass characteristics --- production systems --- castration --- muscle biochemistry --- biomarker --- monitoring --- sample preparation --- quality --- bovine proteomics --- h2afx --- prediction --- broilers --- nutritional --- phenol --- shear force --- beef performances --- fetus --- complexus muscle --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- phenotypic model --- sensory acceptability --- cull cow --- trade-off --- meat sensory properties --- one-dimensional electrophoresis --- rhomboideus muscle --- boar taint --- OMICs tools --- pancetta --- longissimus muscle --- spectroscopy --- carcass and meat qualities --- finishing practices --- pre-weaning period --- grass-fed --- nutritional quality --- pasture --- consumer --- tenderness --- predictive model --- intramuscular fat --- fattening period --- rearing surveys --- rearing practices --- cows --- young bulls --- machine learning --- breed --- farm survey --- beef quality --- biological marker --- Folin-Ciocalteu --- decision trees --- natural antioxidant --- meat --- color attributes --- bovine --- processed meat --- meat rheological properties --- growth period --- muscle proteins --- extracellular matrix --- beef tenderness --- farm-to-fork
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