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2020 (3)

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Book
Contre Galien : critiques d'une autorité médicale de l'Antiquité à l'âge moderne
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ISBN: 9782745353269 9782745353276 Year: 2020 Publisher: Paris Honoré Champion éditeur

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Abstract

Galien de Pergame (129-ca 216) a systématisé l’ensemble du savoir médical ancien et sa doctrine s’est maintenue jusqu’à l’époque moderne. Son œuvre tentaculaire a aussi innervé la pensée philosophique, logique et théologique. Toutefois, Galien a fait l’objet de critiques de la part de ses contemporains, puis de ses successeurs. Après le triomphe du galénisme à la fin de l’Antiquité, les penseurs islamiques ont introduit les premières brèches dans ce système. Ces attaques, relayées en Occident latin et à Byzance, ont connu une ampleur nouvelle à la Renaissance avec la remise en cause et la déconstruction de l’autorité galénique.Dans ce livre est proposée une histoire dynamique de la réception de Galien à travers différents cas d’anti-galénismes. Les études qui y sont réunies portent sur des textes peu connus, voire inédits. Elles recensent les critiques contre Galien, tout en explorant différentes facettes de sa pensée médicale et philosophique. Ce parcours permet ainsi de suivre les changements de paradigmes épistémologiques qui s’opèrent au fil des siècles, mais aussi de mieux cerner, par la négative, ce que fut le galénisme durant sa longue tradition.


Book
On temperaments ; On non-uniform distemperment ; The soul's traits depend on bodily temperament
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ISBN: 9780674997387 0674997387 Year: 2020 Volume: 546 Publisher: Cambridge London Harvard University Press

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Galen of Pergamum (129–?199/216), physician to the court of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, was a philosopher, scientist, medical historian, theoretician, and practitioner who wrote forcefully and prolifically on an astonishing range of subjects and whose impact on later eras rivaled that of Aristotle. Galen synthesized the entirety of Greek medicine as a basis for his own doctrines and practice, which comprehensively embraced theory, practical knowledge, experiment, logic, and a deep understanding of human life and society. This volume presents three works of the greatest importance to Galen’s theory and practice of medicine. On Temperaments sets out Galen’s concept of the combination (krasis) of the four elemental qualities (hot, cold, wet, and dry), which is fundamental to his account of the structure and function of the human body and of animal and plant bodies generally, and is in turn essential to his theory of medical practice. The two related works, On Non-Uniform Distemperment and The Soul’s Traits Depend on Bodily Temperament, deal with specific aspects of dyskrasia, which is a disturbance in the combination of these qualities. Appended are two related short treatises, On the Best Constitution of Our Body and On Good Bodily State.


Book
Galen and the Arabic reception of Plato's Timaeus
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ISBN: 9781108499484 1108499481 9781108583107 9781108730730 1108606563 1108602991 1108583105 1108730736 Year: 2020 Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press

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This first full-length study of the Arabic reception of Plato's Timaeus considers the role of Galen of Pergamum (129-c. 216 CE) in shaping medieval perceptions of the text as transgressing disciplinary norms. It argues that Galen appealed to the entangled cosmological scheme of the dialogue, where different relations connect the body, soul, and cosmos, to expand the boundaries of medicine in his pursuit for epistemic authority - the right to define and explain natural reality. Aileen Das situates Galen's work on disciplinary boundaries in the context of medicine's ancient rivalry with philosophy, whose professionals were long seen as superior knowers of the cosmos vis-a-vis doctors. Her case studies show how Galen and four of the most important Christian, Muslim, and Jewish thinkers in the Arabic Middle Ages creatively interpreted key doctrines from the Timaeus to reimagine medicine and philosophy as well as their own intellectual identities.

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